nix-super/doc/manual/advanced-topics/cores-vs-jobs.xml

<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
      xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
      xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
      version="5.0"
      xml:id="chap-tuning-cores-and-jobs">

<title>Tuning Cores and Jobs</title>

<para>Nix has two relevant settings with regards to how your CPU cores
will be utilized: <xref linkend="conf-cores" /> and
<xref linkend="conf-max-jobs" />. This chapter will talk about what
they are, how they interact, and their configuration trade-offs.</para>

<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term><xref linkend="conf-max-jobs" /></term>
    <listitem><para>
      Dictates how many separate derivations will be built at the same
      time. If you set this to zero, the local machine will do no
      builds. Nix will still substitute from binary caches, and build
      remotely if remote builders are configured.
    </para></listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term><xref linkend="conf-cores" /></term>
    <listitem><para>
      Suggests how many cores each derivation should use. Similar to
      <command>make -j</command>.
    </para></listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>

<para>The <xref linkend="conf-cores" /> setting determines the value of
<literal>NIX_BUILD_CORES</literal>. <literal>NIX_BUILD_CORES</literal> is equal
to <xref linkend="conf-cores" />, unless <xref linkend="conf-cores" />
equals <literal>0</literal>, in which case <literal>NIX_BUILD_CORES</literal>
will be the total number of cores in the system.</para>

<para>The maximum number of consumed cores is a simple multiplication,
<xref linkend="conf-max-jobs" /> * <literal>NIX_BUILD_CORES</literal>.</para>

<para>The balance on how to set these two independent variables depends
upon each builder's workload and hardware. Here are a few example
scenarios on a machine with 24 cores:</para>

<table>
  <caption>Balancing 24 Build Cores</caption>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th><xref linkend="conf-max-jobs" /></th>
      <th><xref linkend="conf-cores" /></th>
      <th><literal>NIX_BUILD_CORES</literal></th>
      <th>Maximum Processes</th>
      <th>Result</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>1</td>
      <td>24</td>
      <td>24</td>
      <td>24</td>
      <td>
        One derivation will be built at a time, each one can use 24
        cores. Undersold if a job can’t use 24 cores.
      </td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td>4</td>
      <td>6</td>
      <td>6</td>
      <td>24</td>
      <td>
        Four derivations will be built at once, each given access to
        six cores.
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>12</td>
      <td>6</td>
      <td>6</td>
      <td>72</td>
      <td>
        12 derivations will be built at once, each given access to six
        cores. This configuration is over-sold. If all 12 derivations
        being built simultaneously try to use all six cores, the
        machine's performance will be degraded due to extensive context
        switching between the 12 builds.
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>24</td>
      <td>1</td>
      <td>1</td>
      <td>24</td>
      <td>
        24 derivations can build at the same time, each using a single
        core. Never oversold, but derivations which require many cores
        will be very slow to compile.
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>24</td>
      <td>0</td>
      <td>24</td>
      <td>576</td>
      <td>
        24 derivations can build at the same time, each using all the
        available cores of the machine. Very likely to be oversold,
        and very likely to suffer context switches.
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<para>It is up to the derivations' build script to respect
host's requested cores-per-build by following the value of the
<literal>NIX_BUILD_CORES</literal> environment variable.</para>

</chapter>