Revert "Get rid of unicode quotes (#1140)"

This reverts commit f78126bfd6. There
really is no need for such a massive change...

corepkgs/derivation.nix

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/* This is the implementation of the 'derivation' builtin function.
-   It's actually a wrapper around the 'derivationStrict' primop. */
+/* This is the implementation of the ‘derivation’ builtin function.
+   It's actually a wrapper around the ‘derivationStrict’ primop. */
 
 drvAttrs @ { outputs ? [ "out" ], ... }:
 

mk/functions.mk

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # Utility function for recursively finding files, e.g.
-# '$(call rwildcard, path/to/dir, *.c *.h)'.
+# ‘$(call rwildcard, path/to/dir, *.c *.h)’.
 rwildcard=$(foreach d,$(wildcard $1*),$(call rwildcard,$d/,$2) $(filter $(subst *,%,$2),$d))
 
 # Given a file name, produce the corresponding dependency file
-# (e.g. 'foo/bar.o' becomes 'foo/.bar.o.dep').
+# (e.g. ‘foo/bar.o’ becomes ‘foo/.bar.o.dep’).
 filename-to-dep = $(dir $1).$(notdir $1).dep
 
 # Return the full path to a program by looking it up in $PATH, or the

mk/libraries.mk

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ else
 endif
 
 # Build a library with symbolic name $(1).  The library is defined by
-# various variables prefixed by '$(1)_':
+# various variables prefixed by ‘$(1)_’:
 #
-# - $(1)_NAME: the name of the library (e.g. 'libfoo'); defaults to
+# - $(1)_NAME: the name of the library (e.g. ‘libfoo’); defaults to
 #   $(1).
 #
 # - $(1)_DIR: the directory where the (non-installed) library will be
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ endif
 # - $(1)_INSTALL_DIR: the directory where the library will be
 #   installed.  Defaults to $(libdir).
 #
-# - BUILD_SHARED_LIBS: if equal to '1', a dynamic library will be
+# - BUILD_SHARED_LIBS: if equal to ‘1’, a dynamic library will be
 #   built, otherwise a static library.
 define build-library
   $(1)_NAME ?= $(1)

mk/programs.mk

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 programs-list :=
 
 # Build a program with symbolic name $(1).  The program is defined by
-# various variables prefixed by '$(1)_':
+# various variables prefixed by ‘$(1)_’:
 #
 # - $(1)_DIR: the directory where the (non-installed) program will be
 #   placed.

mk/templates.mk

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 template-files :=
 
 # Create the file $(1) from $(1).in by running config.status (which
-# substitutes all '@var@' variables set by the configure script).
+# substitutes all ‘@var@’ variables set by the configure script).
 define instantiate-template
 
   clean-files += $(1)

mk/tests.mk

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Run program $1 as part of 'make installcheck'.
+# Run program $1 as part of ‘make installcheck’.
 define run-install-test
 
   installcheck: $1

perl/lib/Nix/Config.pm.in

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ sub readConfig {
         my $config = "$confDir/nix.conf";
         return unless -f $config;
 
-        open CONFIG, "<$config" or die "cannot open '$config'";
+        open CONFIG, "<$config" or die "cannot open ‘$config’";
         while (<CONFIG>) {
             /^\s*([\w\-\.]+)\s*=\s*(.*)$/ or next;
             $config{$1} = $2;

perl/lib/Nix/CopyClosure.pm

@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ sub copyToOpen {
     my $missingSize = 0;
     $missingSize += (queryPathInfo($_, 1))[3] foreach @missing;
 
-    printf STDERR "copying %d missing paths (%.2f MiB) to '$sshHost'...\n",
+    printf STDERR "copying %d missing paths (%.2f MiB) to ‘$sshHost’...\n",
         scalar(@missing), $missingSize / (1024**2);
     return if $dryRun;
 
     # Send the "import paths" command.
     syswrite($to, pack("L<x4", 4)) or die;
     exportPaths(fileno($to), @missing);
-    readInt($from) == 1 or die "remote machine '$sshHost' failed to import closure\n";
+    readInt($from) == 1 or die "remote machine ‘$sshHost’ failed to import closure\n";
 }
 
 

perl/lib/Nix/Manifest.pm

@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ sub readManifest_ {
     # Decompress the manifest if necessary.
     if ($manifest =~ /\.bz2$/) {
         open MANIFEST, "$Nix::Config::bzip2 -d < $manifest |"
-            or die "cannot decompress '$manifest': $!";
+            or die "cannot decompress ‘$manifest’: $!";
     } else {
         open MANIFEST, "<$manifest"
-            or die "cannot open '$manifest': $!";
+            or die "cannot open ‘$manifest’: $!";
     }
 
     my $inside = 0;
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ sub parseNARInfo {
         # FIXME: might be useful to support multiple signatures per .narinfo.
 
         if (!defined $sig) {
-            warn "NAR info file '$location' lacks a signature; ignoring\n";
+            warn "NAR info file ‘$location’ lacks a signature; ignoring\n";
             return undef;
         }
         my ($keyName, $sig64) = split ":", $sig;
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ sub parseNARInfo {
 
         my $publicKey = $Nix::Config::binaryCachePublicKeys{$keyName};
         if (!defined $publicKey) {
-            warn "NAR info file '$location' is signed by unknown key '$keyName'; ignoring\n";
+            warn "NAR info file ‘$location’ is signed by unknown key ‘$keyName’; ignoring\n";
             return undef;
         }
 
@@ -306,12 +306,12 @@ sub parseNARInfo {
                 [ map { "$Nix::Config::storeDir/$_" } @refs ]);
         };
         if ($@) {
-            warn "cannot compute fingerprint of '$location'; ignoring\n";
+            warn "cannot compute fingerprint of ‘$location’; ignoring\n";
             return undef;
         }
 
         if (!checkSignature($publicKey, decode_base64($sig64), $fingerprint)) {
-            warn "NAR info file '$location' has an incorrect signature; ignoring\n";
+            warn "NAR info file ‘$location’ has an incorrect signature; ignoring\n";
             return undef;
         }
 

perl/lib/Nix/SSH.pm

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ sub connectToRemoteNix {
 
     $extraFlags ||= "";
 
-    # Start 'nix-store --serve' on the remote host.
+    # Start ‘nix-store --serve’ on the remote host.
     my ($from, $to);
     # FIXME: don't start a shell, start ssh directly.
     my $pid = open2($from, $to, "exec ssh -x -a $sshHost @globalSshOpts @{$sshOpts} nix-store --serve --write $extraFlags");
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ sub connectToRemoteNix {
         syswrite($to, pack("L<x4L<x4", $SERVE_MAGIC_1, $clientVersion)) or die;
         $magic = readInt($from);
     };
-    die "unable to connect to '$sshHost'\n" if $@;
+    die "unable to connect to ‘$sshHost’\n" if $@;
     die "did not get valid handshake from remote host\n" if $magic  != 0x5452eecb;
 
     my $serverVersion = readInt($from);

perl/lib/Nix/Utils.pm

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ $urlRE = "(?: [a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\+\-\.]*\:[a-zA-Z0-9\%\/\?\:\@\&\=\+\$\,\-\_\.\!
 
 sub checkURL {
     my ($url) = @_;
-    die "invalid URL '$url'\n" unless $url =~ /^ $urlRE $ /x;
+    die "invalid URL ‘$url’\n" unless $url =~ /^ $urlRE $ /x;
 }
 
 sub uniq {
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ sub uniq {
 
 sub writeFile {
     my ($fn, $s) = @_;
-    open TMP, ">$fn" or die "cannot create file '$fn': $!";
+    open TMP, ">$fn" or die "cannot create file ‘$fn’: $!";
     print TMP "$s" or die;
     close TMP or die;
 }
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ sub writeFile {
 sub readFile {
     local $/ = undef;
     my ($fn) = @_;
-    open TMP, "<$fn" or die "cannot open file '$fn': $!";
+    open TMP, "<$fn" or die "cannot open file ‘$fn’: $!";
     my $s = <TMP>;
     close TMP or die;
     return $s;

scripts/build-remote.pl.in

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ REQ: while (1) {
         };
         last REQ unless $@;
         print STDERR "$@";
-        warn "unable to open SSH connection to '$hostName', trying other available machines...\n";
+        warn "unable to open SSH connection to ‘$hostName’, trying other available machines...\n";
         $from = undef;
         $to = undef;
         $machine->{enabled} = 0;
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ close UPLOADLOCK;
 
 
 # Perform the build.
-print STDERR "building '$drvPath' on '$hostName'\n";
+print STDERR "building ‘$drvPath’ on ‘$hostName’\n";
 writeInt(6, $to) or die; # == cmdBuildPaths
 writeStrings([$drvPath], $to);
 writeInt($maxSilentTime, $to);
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ writeInt($buildTimeout, $to);
 my $res = readInt($from);
 if ($res != 0) {
     my $msg = decode("utf-8", readString($from));
-    print STDERR "error: $msg on '$hostName'\n";
+    print STDERR "error: $msg on ‘$hostName’\n";
     exit $res;
 }
 

scripts/install-nix-from-closure.sh

@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ if ! [ -e $dest ]; then
     cmd="mkdir -m 0755 $dest && chown $USER $dest"
     echo "directory $dest does not exist; creating it by running '$cmd' using sudo" >&2
     if ! sudo sh -c "$cmd"; then
-        echo "$0: please manually run '$cmd' as root to create $dest" >&2
+        echo "$0: please manually run ‘$cmd’ as root to create $dest" >&2
         exit 1
     fi
 fi
 
 if ! [ -w $dest ]; then
-    echo "$0: directory $dest exists, but is not writable by you. This could indicate that another user has already performed a single-user installation of Nix on this system. If you wish to enable multi-user support see http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#ssec-multi-user. If you wish to continue with a single-user install for $USER please run 'chown -R $USER $dest' as root." >&2
+    echo "$0: directory $dest exists, but is not writable by you. This could indicate that another user has already performed a single-user installation of Nix on this system. If you wish to enable multi-user support see http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#ssec-multi-user. If you wish to continue with a single-user install for $USER please run ‘chown -R $USER $dest’ as root." >&2
     exit 1
 fi
 

scripts/nix-copy-closure.in

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ while (@ARGV) {
         exec "man nix-copy-closure" or die;
     }
     elsif ($arg eq "--gzip" || $arg eq "--bzip2" || $arg eq "--xz") {
-        warn "$0: '$arg' is not implemented\n" if $arg ne "--gzip";
+        warn "$0: ‘$arg’ is not implemented\n" if $arg ne "--gzip";
         push @globalSshOpts, "-C";
     }
     elsif ($arg eq "--from") {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ while (@ARGV) {
         $includeOutputs = 1;
     }
     elsif ($arg eq "--show-progress") {
-        warn "$0: '$arg' is not implemented\n";
+        warn "$0: ‘$arg’ is not implemented\n";
     }
     elsif ($arg eq "--dry-run") {
         $dryRun = 1;
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ else { # Copy FROM the remote machine.
 
     # Export the store paths on the remote machine and import them locally.
     if (scalar @missing > 0) {
-        print STDERR "copying ", scalar @missing, " missing paths from '$sshHost'...\n";
+        print STDERR "copying ", scalar @missing, " missing paths from ‘$sshHost’...\n";
         writeInt(5, $to); # == cmdExportPaths
         writeInt(0, $to); # obsolete
         writeStrings(\@missing, $to);

src/buildenv/buildenv.cc

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ static bool isDirectory (const Path & path)
 {
     struct stat st;
     if (stat(path.c_str(), &st) == -1)
-        throw SysError(format("getting status of '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("getting status of ‘%1%’") % path);
     return S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
 }
 
@@ -53,18 +53,18 @@ static void createLinks(const Path & srcDir, const Path & dstDir, int priority)
                 } else if (S_ISLNK(dstSt.st_mode)) {
                     auto target = readLink(dstFile);
                     if (!isDirectory(target))
-                        throw Error(format("collision between '%1%' and non-directory '%2%'")
+                        throw Error(format("collision between ‘%1%’ and non-directory ‘%2%’")
                             % srcFile % target);
                     if (unlink(dstFile.c_str()) == -1)
-                        throw SysError(format("unlinking '%1%'") % dstFile);
+                        throw SysError(format("unlinking ‘%1%’") % dstFile);
                     if (mkdir(dstFile.c_str(), 0755) == -1)
-                        throw SysError(format("creating directory '%1%'"));
+                        throw SysError(format("creating directory ‘%1%’"));
                     createLinks(target, dstFile, priorities[dstFile]);
                     createLinks(srcFile, dstFile, priority);
                     continue;
                 }
             } else if (errno != ENOENT)
-                throw SysError(format("getting status of '%1%'") % dstFile);
+                throw SysError(format("getting status of ‘%1%’") % dstFile);
         } else {
             struct stat dstSt;
             auto res = lstat(dstFile.c_str(), &dstSt);
@@ -74,17 +74,17 @@ static void createLinks(const Path & srcDir, const Path & dstDir, int priority)
                     auto prevPriority = priorities[dstFile];
                     if (prevPriority == priority)
                         throw Error(format(
-                                "collision between '%1%' and '%2%'; "
-                                "use 'nix-env --set-flag priority NUMBER PKGNAME' "
+                                "collision between ‘%1%’ and ‘%2%’; "
+                                "use ‘nix-env --set-flag priority NUMBER PKGNAME’ "
                                 "to change the priority of one of the conflicting packages"
                                 ) % srcFile % target);
                     if (prevPriority < priority)
                         continue;
                     if (unlink(dstFile.c_str()) == -1)
-                        throw SysError(format("unlinking '%1%'") % dstFile);
+                        throw SysError(format("unlinking ‘%1%’") % dstFile);
                 }
             } else if (errno != ENOENT)
-                throw SysError(format("getting status of '%1%'") % dstFile);
+                throw SysError(format("getting status of ‘%1%’") % dstFile);
         }
         createSymlink(srcFile, dstFile);
         priorities[dstFile] = priority;
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ static void addPkg(const Path & pkgDir, int priority)
         if (!fd) {
             if (errno == ENOENT)
                 return;
-            throw SysError(format("opening '%1%'") % propagatedFN);
+            throw SysError(format("opening ‘%1%’") % propagatedFN);
         }
         propagated = readLine(fd.get());
     }

src/download-via-ssh/download-via-ssh.cc

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ static void query(std::pair<FdSink, FdSource> & pipes)
                 std::cout << readLongLong(pipes.second) << std::endl;
             }
         } else
-            throw Error(format("unknown substituter query '%1%'") % cmd);
+            throw Error(format("unknown substituter query ‘%1%’") % cmd);
         std::cout << std::endl;
     }
 }
@@ -132,10 +132,10 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
                 throw UsageError("download-via-ssh: --substitute takes exactly two arguments");
             Path storePath = argv[2];
             Path destPath = argv[3];
-            printError(format("downloading '%1%' via SSH from '%2%'...") % storePath % host);
+            printError(format("downloading ‘%1%’ via SSH from ‘%2%’...") % storePath % host);
             substitute(pipes, storePath, destPath);
         }
         else
-            throw UsageError(format("download-via-ssh: unknown command '%1%'") % arg);
+            throw UsageError(format("download-via-ssh: unknown command ‘%1%’") % arg);
     });
 }

src/libexpr/attr-path.cc

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ static Strings parseAttrPath(const string & s)
             ++i;
             while (1) {
                 if (i == s.end())
-                    throw Error(format("missing closing quote in selection path '%1%'") % s);
+                    throw Error(format("missing closing quote in selection path ‘%1%’") % s);
                 if (*i == '"') break;
                 cur.push_back(*i++);
             }
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Value * findAlongAttrPath(EvalState & state, const string & attrPath,
     Strings tokens = parseAttrPath(attrPath);
 
     Error attrError =
-        Error(format("attribute selection path '%1%' does not match expression") % attrPath);
+        Error(format("attribute selection path ‘%1%’ does not match expression") % attrPath);
 
     Value * v = &vIn;
 
@@ -62,15 +62,15 @@ Value * findAlongAttrPath(EvalState & state, const string & attrPath,
 
             if (v->type != tAttrs)
                 throw TypeError(
-                    format("the expression selected by the selection path '%1%' should be a set but is %2%")
+                    format("the expression selected by the selection path ‘%1%’ should be a set but is %2%")
                     % attrPath % showType(*v));
 
             if (attr.empty())
-                throw Error(format("empty attribute name in selection path '%1%'") % attrPath);
+                throw Error(format("empty attribute name in selection path ‘%1%’") % attrPath);
 
             Bindings::iterator a = v->attrs->find(state.symbols.create(attr));
             if (a == v->attrs->end())
-                throw Error(format("attribute '%1%' in selection path '%2%' not found") % attr % attrPath);
+                throw Error(format("attribute ‘%1%’ in selection path ‘%2%’ not found") % attr % attrPath);
             v = &*a->value;
         }
 
@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@ Value * findAlongAttrPath(EvalState & state, const string & attrPath,
 
             if (!v->isList())
                 throw TypeError(
-                    format("the expression selected by the selection path '%1%' should be a list but is %2%")
+                    format("the expression selected by the selection path ‘%1%’ should be a list but is %2%")
                     % attrPath % showType(*v));
 
             if (attrIndex >= v->listSize())
-                throw Error(format("list index %1% in selection path '%2%' is out of range") % attrIndex % attrPath);
+                throw Error(format("list index %1% in selection path ‘%2%’ is out of range") % attrIndex % attrPath);
 
             v = v->listElems()[attrIndex];
         }

src/libexpr/common-opts.cc

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ bool parseAutoArgs(Strings::iterator & i,
     string arg = *i;
     if (arg != "--arg" && arg != "--argstr") return false;
 
-    UsageError error(format("'%1%' requires two arguments") % arg);
+    UsageError error(format("‘%1%’ requires two arguments") % arg);
 
     if (++i == argsEnd) throw error;
     string name = *i;
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ bool parseSearchPathArg(Strings::iterator & i,
     const Strings::iterator & argsEnd, Strings & searchPath)
 {
     if (*i != "-I") return false;
-    if (++i == argsEnd) throw UsageError("'-I' requires an argument");
+    if (++i == argsEnd) throw UsageError("‘-I’ requires an argument");
     searchPath.push_back(*i);
     return true;
 }

src/libexpr/eval.cc

@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ Path EvalState::checkSourcePath(const Path & path_)
     if (!restricted) return path_;
 
     /* Resolve symlinks. */
-    debug(format("checking access to '%s'") % path_);
+    debug(format("checking access to ‘%s’") % path_);
     Path path = canonPath(path_, true);
 
     for (auto & i : searchPath) {
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ Path EvalState::checkSourcePath(const Path & path_)
         return path;
 #endif
 
-    throw RestrictedPathError(format("access to path '%1%' is forbidden in restricted mode") % path_);
+    throw RestrictedPathError(format("access to path ‘%1%’ is forbidden in restricted mode") % path_);
 }
 
 
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ inline Value * EvalState::lookupVar(Env * env, const ExprVar & var, bool noEval)
             return j->value;
         }
         if (!env->prevWith)
-            throwUndefinedVarError("undefined variable '%1%' at %2%", var.name, var.pos);
+            throwUndefinedVarError("undefined variable ‘%1%’ at %2%", var.name, var.pos);
         for (unsigned int l = env->prevWith; l; --l, env = env->up) ;
     }
 }
@@ -644,12 +644,12 @@ void EvalState::evalFile(const Path & path, Value & v)
         return;
     }
 
-    Activity act(*logger, lvlTalkative, format("evaluating file '%1%'") % path2);
+    Activity act(*logger, lvlTalkative, format("evaluating file ‘%1%’") % path2);
     Expr * e = parseExprFromFile(checkSourcePath(path2));
     try {
         eval(e, v);
     } catch (Error & e) {
-        addErrorPrefix(e, "while evaluating the file '%1%':\n", path2);
+        addErrorPrefix(e, "while evaluating the file ‘%1%’:\n", path2);
         throw;
     }
 
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ void ExprAttrs::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
         Symbol nameSym = state.symbols.create(nameVal.string.s);
         Bindings::iterator j = v.attrs->find(nameSym);
         if (j != v.attrs->end())
-            throwEvalError("dynamic attribute '%1%' at %2% already defined at %3%", nameSym, i.pos, *j->pos);
+            throwEvalError("dynamic attribute ‘%1%’ at %2% already defined at %3%", nameSym, i.pos, *j->pos);
 
         i.valueExpr->setName(nameSym);
         /* Keep sorted order so find can catch duplicates */
@@ -887,7 +887,7 @@ void ExprSelect::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
             } else {
                 state.forceAttrs(*vAttrs, pos);
                 if ((j = vAttrs->attrs->find(name)) == vAttrs->attrs->end())
-                    throwEvalError("attribute '%1%' missing, at %2%", name, pos);
+                    throwEvalError("attribute ‘%1%’ missing, at %2%", name, pos);
             }
             vAttrs = j->value;
             pos2 = j->pos;
@@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ void ExprSelect::eval(EvalState & state, Env & env, Value & v)
 
     } catch (Error & e) {
         if (pos2 && pos2->file != state.sDerivationNix)
-            addErrorPrefix(e, "while evaluating the attribute '%1%' at %2%:\n",
+            addErrorPrefix(e, "while evaluating the attribute ‘%1%’ at %2%:\n",
                 showAttrPath(state, env, attrPath), *pos2);
         throw;
     }
@@ -1040,7 +1040,7 @@ void EvalState::callFunction(Value & fun, Value & arg, Value & v, const Pos & po
         for (auto & i : lambda.formals->formals) {
             Bindings::iterator j = arg.attrs->find(i.name);
             if (j == arg.attrs->end()) {
-                if (!i.def) throwTypeError("%1% called without required argument '%2%', at %3%",
+                if (!i.def) throwTypeError("%1% called without required argument ‘%2%’, at %3%",
                     lambda, i.name, pos);
                 env2.values[displ++] = i.def->maybeThunk(*this, env2);
             } else {
@@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ void EvalState::callFunction(Value & fun, Value & arg, Value & v, const Pos & po
                user. */
             for (auto & i : *arg.attrs)
                 if (lambda.formals->argNames.find(i.name) == lambda.formals->argNames.end())
-                    throwTypeError("%1% called with unexpected argument '%2%', at %3%", lambda, i.name, pos);
+                    throwTypeError("%1% called with unexpected argument ‘%2%’, at %3%", lambda, i.name, pos);
             abort(); // can't happen
         }
     }
@@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ void EvalState::autoCallFunction(Bindings & args, Value & fun, Value & res)
         if (j != args.end())
             actualArgs->attrs->push_back(*j);
         else if (!i.def)
-            throwTypeError("cannot auto-call a function that has an argument without a default value ('%1%')", i.name);
+            throwTypeError("cannot auto-call a function that has an argument without a default value (‘%1%’)", i.name);
     }
 
     actualArgs->attrs->sort();
@@ -1343,7 +1343,7 @@ void EvalState::forceValueDeep(Value & v)
                 try {
                     recurse(*i.value);
                 } catch (Error & e) {
-                    addErrorPrefix(e, "while evaluating the attribute '%1%' at %2%:\n", i.name, *i.pos);
+                    addErrorPrefix(e, "while evaluating the attribute ‘%1%’ at %2%:\n", i.name, *i.pos);
                     throw;
                 }
         }
@@ -1435,10 +1435,10 @@ string EvalState::forceStringNoCtx(Value & v, const Pos & pos)
     string s = forceString(v, pos);
     if (v.string.context) {
         if (pos)
-            throwEvalError("the string '%1%' is not allowed to refer to a store path (such as '%2%'), at %3%",
+            throwEvalError("the string ‘%1%’ is not allowed to refer to a store path (such as ‘%2%’), at %3%",
                 v.string.s, v.string.context[0], pos);
         else
-            throwEvalError("the string '%1%' is not allowed to refer to a store path (such as '%2%')",
+            throwEvalError("the string ‘%1%’ is not allowed to refer to a store path (such as ‘%2%’)",
                 v.string.s, v.string.context[0]);
     }
     return s;
@@ -1520,7 +1520,7 @@ string EvalState::coerceToString(const Pos & pos, Value & v, PathSet & context,
 string EvalState::copyPathToStore(PathSet & context, const Path & path)
 {
     if (nix::isDerivation(path))
-        throwEvalError("file names are not allowed to end in '%1%'", drvExtension);
+        throwEvalError("file names are not allowed to end in ‘%1%’", drvExtension);
 
     Path dstPath;
     if (srcToStore[path] != "")
@@ -1530,7 +1530,7 @@ string EvalState::copyPathToStore(PathSet & context, const Path & path)
             ? store->computeStorePathForPath(checkSourcePath(path)).first
             : store->addToStore(baseNameOf(path), checkSourcePath(path), true, htSHA256, defaultPathFilter, repair);
         srcToStore[path] = dstPath;
-        printMsg(lvlChatty, format("copied source '%1%' -> '%2%'")
+        printMsg(lvlChatty, format("copied source ‘%1%’ -> ‘%2%’")
             % path % dstPath);
     }
 
@@ -1543,7 +1543,7 @@ Path EvalState::coerceToPath(const Pos & pos, Value & v, PathSet & context)
 {
     string path = coerceToString(pos, v, context, false, false);
     if (path == "" || path[0] != '/')
-        throwEvalError("string '%1%' doesn't represent an absolute path, at %2%", path, pos);
+        throwEvalError("string ‘%1%’ doesn't represent an absolute path, at %2%", path, pos);
     return path;
 }
 

src/libexpr/eval.hh

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ struct PrimOp
 struct Env
 {
     Env * up;
-    unsigned short size; // used by 'valueSize'
+    unsigned short size; // used by ‘valueSize’
     unsigned short prevWith:15; // nr of levels up to next `with' environment
     unsigned short haveWithAttrs:1;
     Value * values[0];

src/libexpr/get-drvs.cc

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ string DrvInfo::queryOutPath()
 DrvInfo::Outputs DrvInfo::queryOutputs(bool onlyOutputsToInstall)
 {
     if (outputs.empty()) {
-        /* Get the 'outputs' list. */
+        /* Get the ‘outputs’ list. */
         Bindings::iterator i;
         if (attrs && (i = attrs->find(state->sOutputs)) != attrs->end()) {
             state->forceList(*i->value, *i->pos);
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ DrvInfo::Outputs DrvInfo::queryOutputs(bool onlyOutputsToInstall)
                 if (out == attrs->end()) continue; // FIXME: throw error?
                 state->forceAttrs(*out->value);
 
-                /* And evaluate its 'outPath' attribute. */
+                /* And evaluate its ‘outPath’ attribute. */
                 Bindings::iterator outPath = out->value->attrs->find(state->sOutPath);
                 if (outPath == out->value->attrs->end()) continue; // FIXME: throw error?
                 PathSet context;
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ DrvInfo::Outputs DrvInfo::queryOutputs(bool onlyOutputsToInstall)
     /* Check for `meta.outputsToInstall` and return `outputs` reduced to that. */
     const Value * outTI = queryMeta("outputsToInstall");
     if (!outTI) return outputs;
-    const auto errMsg = Error("this derivation has bad 'meta.outputsToInstall'");
+    const auto errMsg = Error("this derivation has bad ‘meta.outputsToInstall’");
         /* ^ this shows during `nix-env -i` right under the bad derivation */
     if (!outTI->isList()) throw errMsg;
     Outputs result;
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ static void getDerivations(EvalState & state, Value & vIn,
             attrs.insert(std::pair<string, Symbol>(i.name, i.name));
 
         for (auto & i : attrs) {
-            Activity act(*logger, lvlDebug, format("evaluating attribute '%1%'") % i.first);
+            Activity act(*logger, lvlDebug, format("evaluating attribute ‘%1%’") % i.first);
             string pathPrefix2 = addToPath(pathPrefix, i.first);
             Value & v2(*v.attrs->find(i.second)->value);
             if (combineChannels)

src/libexpr/json-to-value.cc

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ static void parseJSON(EvalState & state, const char * & s, Value & v)
             values.push_back(v2);
             skipWhitespace(s);
             if (*s == ']') break;
-            if (*s != ',') throw JSONParseError("expected ',' or ']' after JSON array element");
+            if (*s != ',') throw JSONParseError("expected ‘,’ or ‘]’ after JSON array element");
             s++;
         }
         s++;
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ static void parseJSON(EvalState & state, const char * & s, Value & v)
             if (attrs.empty() && *s == '}') break;
             string name = parseJSONString(s);
             skipWhitespace(s);
-            if (*s != ':') throw JSONParseError("expected ':' in JSON object");
+            if (*s != ':') throw JSONParseError("expected ‘:’ in JSON object");
             s++;
             Value * v2 = state.allocValue();
             parseJSON(state, s, *v2);
             attrs[state.symbols.create(name)] = v2;
             skipWhitespace(s);
             if (*s == '}') break;
-            if (*s != ',') throw JSONParseError("expected ',' or '}' after JSON member");
+            if (*s != ',') throw JSONParseError("expected ‘,’ or ‘}’ after JSON member");
             s++;
         }
         state.mkAttrs(v, attrs.size());

src/libexpr/lexer.l

@@ -124,13 +124,13 @@ or          { return OR_KW; }
 {INT}       { errno = 0;
               yylval->n = strtol(yytext, 0, 10);
               if (errno != 0)
-                  throw ParseError(format("invalid integer '%1%'") % yytext);
+                  throw ParseError(format("invalid integer ‘%1%’") % yytext);
               return INT;
             }
 {FLOAT}     { errno = 0;
               yylval->nf = strtod(yytext, 0);
               if (errno != 0)
-                  throw ParseError(format("invalid float '%1%'") % yytext);
+                  throw ParseError(format("invalid float ‘%1%’") % yytext);
               return FLOAT;
             }
 

src/libexpr/nixexpr.cc

@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ void ExprVar::bindVars(const StaticEnv & env)
     /* Otherwise, the variable must be obtained from the nearest
        enclosing `with'.  If there is no `with', then we can issue an
        "undefined variable" error now. */
-    if (withLevel == -1) throw UndefinedVarError(format("undefined variable '%1%' at %2%") % name % pos);
+    if (withLevel == -1) throw UndefinedVarError(format("undefined variable ‘%1%’ at %2%") % name % pos);
 
     fromWith = true;
     this->level = withLevel;
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ void ExprLambda::setName(Symbol & name)
 
 string ExprLambda::showNamePos() const
 {
-    return (format("%1% at %2%") % (name.set() ? "'" + (string) name + "'" : "anonymous function") % pos).str();
+    return (format("%1% at %2%") % (name.set() ? "‘" + (string) name + "’" : "anonymous function") % pos).str();
 }
 
 

src/libexpr/nixexpr.hh

@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ struct ExprLambda : Expr
         : pos(pos), arg(arg), matchAttrs(matchAttrs), formals(formals), body(body)
     {
         if (!arg.empty() && formals && formals->argNames.find(arg) != formals->argNames.end())
-            throw ParseError(format("duplicate formal function argument '%1%' at %2%")
+            throw ParseError(format("duplicate formal function argument ‘%1%’ at %2%")
                 % arg % pos);
     };
     void setName(Symbol & name);

src/libexpr/parser.y

@@ -65,14 +65,14 @@ namespace nix {
 
 static void dupAttr(const AttrPath & attrPath, const Pos & pos, const Pos & prevPos)
 {
-    throw ParseError(format("attribute '%1%' at %2% already defined at %3%")
+    throw ParseError(format("attribute ‘%1%’ at %2% already defined at %3%")
         % showAttrPath(attrPath) % pos % prevPos);
 }
 
 
 static void dupAttr(Symbol attr, const Pos & pos, const Pos & prevPos)
 {
-    throw ParseError(format("attribute '%1%' at %2% already defined at %3%")
+    throw ParseError(format("attribute ‘%1%’ at %2% already defined at %3%")
         % attr % pos % prevPos);
 }
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ static void addAttr(ExprAttrs * attrs, AttrPath & attrPath,
 static void addFormal(const Pos & pos, Formals * formals, const Formal & formal)
 {
     if (formals->argNames.find(formal.name) != formals->argNames.end())
-        throw ParseError(format("duplicate formal function argument '%1%' at %2%")
+        throw ParseError(format("duplicate formal function argument ‘%1%’ at %2%")
             % formal.name % pos);
     formals->formals.push_front(formal);
     formals->argNames.insert(formal.name);
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ expr_select
   | expr_simple '.' attrpath OR_KW expr_select
     { $$ = new ExprSelect(CUR_POS, $1, *$3, $5); }
   | /* Backwards compatibility: because Nixpkgs has a rarely used
-       function named 'or', allow stuff like 'map or [...]'. */
+       function named ‘or’, allow stuff like ‘map or [...]’. */
     expr_simple OR_KW
     { $$ = new ExprApp(CUR_POS, $1, new ExprVar(CUR_POS, data->symbols.create("or"))); }
   | expr_simple { $$ = $1; }
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ Path resolveExprPath(Path path)
     struct stat st;
     while (true) {
         if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
-            throw SysError(format("getting status of '%1%'") % path);
+            throw SysError(format("getting status of ‘%1%’") % path);
         if (!S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) break;
         path = absPath(readLink(path), dirOf(path));
     }
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ Path EvalState::findFile(SearchPath & searchPath, const string & path, const Pos
         if (pathExists(res)) return canonPath(res);
     }
     format f = format(
-        "file '%1%' was not found in the Nix search path (add it using $NIX_PATH or -I)"
+        "file ‘%1%’ was not found in the Nix search path (add it using $NIX_PATH or -I)"
         + string(pos ? ", at %2%" : ""));
     f.exceptions(boost::io::all_error_bits ^ boost::io::too_many_args_bit);
     throw ThrownError(f % path % pos);
@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ std::pair<bool, std::string> EvalState::resolveSearchPathElem(const SearchPathEl
             else
                 res = { true, getDownloader()->downloadCached(store, elem.second, true) };
         } catch (DownloadError & e) {
-            printError(format("warning: Nix search path entry '%1%' cannot be downloaded, ignoring") % elem.second);
+            printError(format("warning: Nix search path entry ‘%1%’ cannot be downloaded, ignoring") % elem.second);
             res = { false, "" };
         }
     } else {
@@ -672,12 +672,12 @@ std::pair<bool, std::string> EvalState::resolveSearchPathElem(const SearchPathEl
         if (pathExists(path))
             res = { true, path };
         else {
-            printError(format("warning: Nix search path entry '%1%' does not exist, ignoring") % elem.second);
+            printError(format("warning: Nix search path entry ‘%1%’ does not exist, ignoring") % elem.second);
             res = { false, "" };
         }
     }
 
-    debug(format("resolved search path element '%s' to '%s'") % elem.second % res.second);
+    debug(format("resolved search path element ‘%s’ to ‘%s’") % elem.second % res.second);
 
     searchPathResolved[elem.second] = res;
     return res;

src/libexpr/primops.cc

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace nix {
  *************************************************************/
 
 
-/* Decode a context string '!<name>!<path>' into a pair <path,
+/* Decode a context string ‘!<name>!<path>’ into a pair <path,
    name>. */
 std::pair<string, string> decodeContext(const string & s)
 {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ std::pair<string, string> decodeContext(const string & s)
 
 
 InvalidPathError::InvalidPathError(const Path & path) :
-    EvalError(format("path '%1%' is not valid") % path), path(path) {}
+    EvalError(format("path ‘%1%’ is not valid") % path), path(path) {}
 
 void EvalState::realiseContext(const PathSet & context)
 {
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ static void prim_scopedImport(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args
     try {
         state.realiseContext(context);
     } catch (InvalidPathError & e) {
-        throw EvalError(format("cannot import '%1%', since path '%2%' is not valid, at %3%")
+        throw EvalError(format("cannot import ‘%1%’, since path ‘%2%’ is not valid, at %3%")
             % path % e.path % pos);
     }
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ static void prim_scopedImport(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args
                 env->values[displ++] = attr.value;
             }
 
-            Activity act(*logger, lvlTalkative, format("evaluating file '%1%'") % path);
+            Activity act(*logger, lvlTalkative, format("evaluating file ‘%1%’") % path);
             Expr * e = state.parseExprFromFile(resolveExprPath(path), staticEnv);
 
             e->eval(state, *env, v);
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ static void prim_importNative(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args
     try {
         state.realiseContext(context);
     } catch (InvalidPathError & e) {
-        throw EvalError(format("cannot import '%1%', since path '%2%' is not valid, at %3%")
+        throw EvalError(format("cannot import ‘%1%’, since path ‘%2%’ is not valid, at %3%")
             % path % e.path % pos);
     }
 
@@ -156,16 +156,16 @@ static void prim_importNative(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args
 
     void *handle = dlopen(path.c_str(), RTLD_LAZY | RTLD_LOCAL);
     if (!handle)
-        throw EvalError(format("could not open '%1%': %2%") % path % dlerror());
+        throw EvalError(format("could not open ‘%1%’: %2%") % path % dlerror());
 
     dlerror();
     ValueInitializer func = (ValueInitializer) dlsym(handle, sym.c_str());
     if(!func) {
         char *message = dlerror();
         if (message)
-            throw EvalError(format("could not load symbol '%1%' from '%2%': %3%") % sym % path % message);
+            throw EvalError(format("could not load symbol ‘%1%’ from ‘%2%’: %3%") % sym % path % message);
         else
-            throw EvalError(format("symbol '%1%' from '%2%' resolved to NULL when a function pointer was expected")
+            throw EvalError(format("symbol ‘%1%’ from ‘%2%’ resolved to NULL when a function pointer was expected")
                     % sym % path);
     }
 
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ static void prim_genericClosure(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * ar
     Bindings::iterator startSet =
         args[0]->attrs->find(state.symbols.create("startSet"));
     if (startSet == args[0]->attrs->end())
-        throw EvalError(format("attribute 'startSet' required, at %1%") % pos);
+        throw EvalError(format("attribute ‘startSet’ required, at %1%") % pos);
     state.forceList(*startSet->value, pos);
 
     ValueList workSet;
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ static void prim_genericClosure(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * ar
     Bindings::iterator op =
         args[0]->attrs->find(state.symbols.create("operator"));
     if (op == args[0]->attrs->end())
-        throw EvalError(format("attribute 'operator' required, at %1%") % pos);
+        throw EvalError(format("attribute ‘operator’ required, at %1%") % pos);
     state.forceValue(*op->value);
 
     /* Construct the closure by applying the operator to element of
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ static void prim_genericClosure(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * ar
         Bindings::iterator key =
             e->attrs->find(state.symbols.create("key"));
         if (key == e->attrs->end())
-            throw EvalError(format("attribute 'key' required, at %1%") % pos);
+            throw EvalError(format("attribute ‘key’ required, at %1%") % pos);
         state.forceValue(*key->value);
 
         if (doneKeys.find(key->value) != doneKeys.end()) continue;
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ static void prim_abort(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Value
 {
     PathSet context;
     string s = state.coerceToString(pos, *args[0], context);
-    throw Abort(format("evaluation aborted with the following error message: '%1%'") % s);
+    throw Abort(format("evaluation aborted with the following error message: ‘%1%’") % s);
 }
 
 
@@ -464,13 +464,13 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
     /* Figure out the name first (for stack backtraces). */
     Bindings::iterator attr = args[0]->attrs->find(state.sName);
     if (attr == args[0]->attrs->end())
-        throw EvalError(format("required attribute 'name' missing, at %1%") % pos);
+        throw EvalError(format("required attribute ‘name’ missing, at %1%") % pos);
     string drvName;
     Pos & posDrvName(*attr->pos);
     try {
         drvName = state.forceStringNoCtx(*attr->value, pos);
     } catch (Error & e) {
-        e.addPrefix(format("while evaluating the derivation attribute 'name' at %1%:\n") % posDrvName);
+        e.addPrefix(format("while evaluating the derivation attribute ‘name’ at %1%:\n") % posDrvName);
         throw;
     }
 
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
     for (auto & i : *args[0]->attrs) {
         if (i.name == state.sIgnoreNulls) continue;
         string key = i.name;
-        Activity act(*logger, lvlVomit, format("processing attribute '%1%'") % key);
+        Activity act(*logger, lvlVomit, format("processing attribute ‘%1%’") % key);
 
         try {
 
@@ -522,28 +522,28 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
                 else if (i.name == state.sSystem) drv.platform = s;
                 else if (i.name == state.sName) {
                     drvName = s;
-                    printMsg(lvlVomit, format("derivation name is '%1%'") % drvName);
+                    printMsg(lvlVomit, format("derivation name is ‘%1%’") % drvName);
                 }
                 else if (key == "outputHash") outputHash = s;
                 else if (key == "outputHashAlgo") outputHashAlgo = s;
                 else if (key == "outputHashMode") {
                     if (s == "recursive") outputHashRecursive = true;
                     else if (s == "flat") outputHashRecursive = false;
-                    else throw EvalError(format("invalid value '%1%' for 'outputHashMode' attribute, at %2%") % s % posDrvName);
+                    else throw EvalError(format("invalid value ‘%1%’ for ‘outputHashMode’ attribute, at %2%") % s % posDrvName);
                 }
                 else if (key == "outputs") {
                     Strings tmp = tokenizeString<Strings>(s);
                     outputs.clear();
                     for (auto & j : tmp) {
                         if (outputs.find(j) != outputs.end())
-                            throw EvalError(format("duplicate derivation output '%1%', at %2%") % j % posDrvName);
+                            throw EvalError(format("duplicate derivation output ‘%1%’, at %2%") % j % posDrvName);
                         /* !!! Check whether j is a valid attribute
                            name. */
-                        /* Derivations cannot be named 'drv', because
-                           then we'd have an attribute 'drvPath' in
+                        /* Derivations cannot be named ‘drv’, because
+                           then we'd have an attribute ‘drvPath’ in
                            the resulting set. */
                         if (j == "drv")
-                            throw EvalError(format("invalid derivation output name 'drv', at %1%") % posDrvName);
+                            throw EvalError(format("invalid derivation output name ‘drv’, at %1%") % posDrvName);
                         outputs.insert(j);
                     }
                     if (outputs.empty())
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
             }
 
         } catch (Error & e) {
-            e.addPrefix(format("while evaluating the attribute '%1%' of the derivation '%2%' at %3%:\n")
+            e.addPrefix(format("while evaluating the attribute ‘%1%’ of the derivation ‘%2%’ at %3%:\n")
                 % key % drvName % posDrvName);
             throw;
         }
@@ -585,14 +585,14 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
         else if (path.at(0) == '~')
             drv.inputSrcs.insert(string(path, 1));
 
-        /* Handle derivation outputs of the form '!<name>!<path>'. */
+        /* Handle derivation outputs of the form ‘!<name>!<path>’. */
         else if (path.at(0) == '!') {
             std::pair<string, string> ctx = decodeContext(path);
             drv.inputDrvs[ctx.first].insert(ctx.second);
         }
 
         /* Handle derivation contexts returned by
-           'builtins.storePath'. */
+           ‘builtins.storePath’. */
         else if (isDerivation(path))
             drv.inputDrvs[path] = state.store->queryDerivationOutputNames(path);
 
@@ -603,14 +603,14 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
 
     /* Do we have all required attributes? */
     if (drv.builder == "")
-        throw EvalError(format("required attribute 'builder' missing, at %1%") % posDrvName);
+        throw EvalError(format("required attribute ‘builder’ missing, at %1%") % posDrvName);
     if (drv.platform == "")
-        throw EvalError(format("required attribute 'system' missing, at %1%") % posDrvName);
+        throw EvalError(format("required attribute ‘system’ missing, at %1%") % posDrvName);
 
     /* Check whether the derivation name is valid. */
     checkStoreName(drvName);
     if (isDerivation(drvName))
-        throw EvalError(format("derivation names are not allowed to end in '%1%', at %2%")
+        throw EvalError(format("derivation names are not allowed to end in ‘%1%’, at %2%")
             % drvExtension % posDrvName);
 
     if (outputHash != "") {
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
 
         HashType ht = parseHashType(outputHashAlgo);
         if (ht == htUnknown)
-            throw EvalError(format("unknown hash algorithm '%1%', at %2%") % outputHashAlgo % posDrvName);
+            throw EvalError(format("unknown hash algorithm ‘%1%’, at %2%") % outputHashAlgo % posDrvName);
         Hash h = parseHash16or32(ht, outputHash);
         outputHash = printHash(h);
         if (outputHashRecursive) outputHashAlgo = "r:" + outputHashAlgo;
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
     /* Write the resulting term into the Nix store directory. */
     Path drvPath = writeDerivation(state.store, drv, drvName, state.repair);
 
-    printMsg(lvlChatty, format("instantiated '%1%' -> '%2%'")
+    printMsg(lvlChatty, format("instantiated ‘%1%’ -> ‘%2%’")
         % drvName % drvPath);
 
     /* Optimisation, but required in read-only mode! because in that
@@ -676,11 +676,11 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
 
 /* Return a placeholder string for the specified output that will be
    substituted by the corresponding output path at build time. For
-   example, 'placeholder "out"' returns the string
+   example, ‘placeholder "out"’ returns the string
    /1rz4g4znpzjwh1xymhjpm42vipw92pr73vdgl6xs1hycac8kf2n9. At build
    time, any occurence of this string in an derivation attribute will
    be replaced with the concrete path in the Nix store of the output
-   'out'. */
+   ‘out’. */
 static void prim_placeholder(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Value & v)
 {
     mkString(v, hashPlaceholder(state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos)));
@@ -713,12 +713,12 @@ static void prim_storePath(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, V
 {
     PathSet context;
     Path path = state.checkSourcePath(state.coerceToPath(pos, *args[0], context));
-    /* Resolve symlinks in 'path', unless 'path' itself is a symlink
+    /* Resolve symlinks in ‘path’, unless ‘path’ itself is a symlink
        directly in the store.  The latter condition is necessary so
        e.g. nix-push does the right thing. */
     if (!state.store->isStorePath(path)) path = canonPath(path, true);
     if (!state.store->isInStore(path))
-        throw EvalError(format("path '%1%' is not in the Nix store, at %2%") % path % pos);
+        throw EvalError(format("path ‘%1%’ is not in the Nix store, at %2%") % path % pos);
     Path path2 = state.store->toStorePath(path);
     if (!settings.readOnlyMode)
         state.store->ensurePath(path2);
@@ -732,12 +732,12 @@ static void prim_pathExists(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args,
     PathSet context;
     Path path = state.coerceToPath(pos, *args[0], context);
     if (!context.empty())
-        throw EvalError(format("string '%1%' cannot refer to other paths, at %2%") % path % pos);
+        throw EvalError(format("string ‘%1%’ cannot refer to other paths, at %2%") % path % pos);
     try {
         mkBool(v, pathExists(state.checkSourcePath(path)));
     } catch (SysError & e) {
         /* Don't give away info from errors while canonicalising
-           'path' in restricted mode. */
+           ‘path’ in restricted mode. */
         mkBool(v, false);
     } catch (RestrictedPathError & e) {
         mkBool(v, false);
@@ -773,18 +773,18 @@ static void prim_readFile(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Va
     try {
         state.realiseContext(context);
     } catch (InvalidPathError & e) {
-        throw EvalError(format("cannot read '%1%', since path '%2%' is not valid, at %3%")
+        throw EvalError(format("cannot read ‘%1%’, since path ‘%2%’ is not valid, at %3%")
             % path % e.path % pos);
     }
     string s = readFile(state.checkSourcePath(path));
     if (s.find((char) 0) != string::npos)
-        throw Error(format("the contents of the file '%1%' cannot be represented as a Nix string") % path);
+        throw Error(format("the contents of the file ‘%1%’ cannot be represented as a Nix string") % path);
     mkString(v, s.c_str(), context);
 }
 
 
 /* Find a file in the Nix search path. Used to implement <x> paths,
-   which are desugared to 'findFile __nixPath "x"'. */
+   which are desugared to ‘findFile __nixPath "x"’. */
 static void prim_findFile(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Value & v)
 {
     state.forceList(*args[0], pos);
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ static void prim_findFile(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Va
 
         i = v2.attrs->find(state.symbols.create("path"));
         if (i == v2.attrs->end())
-            throw EvalError(format("attribute 'path' missing, at %1%") % pos);
+            throw EvalError(format("attribute ‘path’ missing, at %1%") % pos);
 
         PathSet context;
         string path = state.coerceToString(pos, *i->value, context, false, false);
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ static void prim_findFile(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Va
         try {
             state.realiseContext(context);
         } catch (InvalidPathError & e) {
-            throw EvalError(format("cannot find '%1%', since path '%2%' is not valid, at %3%")
+            throw EvalError(format("cannot find ‘%1%’, since path ‘%2%’ is not valid, at %3%")
                 % path % e.path % pos);
         }
 
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ static void prim_readDir(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Val
     try {
         state.realiseContext(ctx);
     } catch (InvalidPathError & e) {
-        throw EvalError(format("cannot read '%1%', since path '%2%' is not valid, at %3%")
+        throw EvalError(format("cannot read ‘%1%’, since path ‘%2%’ is not valid, at %3%")
             % path % e.path % pos);
     }
 
@@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ static void prim_toFile(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Valu
         if (isDerivation(path)) {
             /* See prim_unsafeDiscardOutputDependency. */
             if (path.at(0) != '~')
-                throw EvalError(format("in 'toFile': the file '%1%' cannot refer to derivation outputs, at %2%") % name % pos);
+                throw EvalError(format("in ‘toFile’: the file ‘%1%’ cannot refer to derivation outputs, at %2%") % name % pos);
             path = string(path, 1);
         }
         refs.insert(path);
@@ -937,7 +937,7 @@ struct FilterFromExpr : PathFilter
     {
         struct stat st;
         if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
-            throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path '%1%'") % path);
+            throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path ‘%1%’") % path);
 
         /* Call the filter function.  The first argument is the path,
            the second is a string indicating the type of the file. */
@@ -967,11 +967,11 @@ static void prim_filterSource(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args
     PathSet context;
     Path path = state.coerceToPath(pos, *args[1], context);
     if (!context.empty())
-        throw EvalError(format("string '%1%' cannot refer to other paths, at %2%") % path % pos);
+        throw EvalError(format("string ‘%1%’ cannot refer to other paths, at %2%") % path % pos);
 
     state.forceValue(*args[0]);
     if (args[0]->type != tLambda)
-        throw TypeError(format("first argument in call to 'filterSource' is not a function but %1%, at %2%") % showType(*args[0]) % pos);
+        throw TypeError(format("first argument in call to ‘filterSource’ is not a function but %1%, at %2%") % showType(*args[0]) % pos);
 
     FilterFromExpr filter(state, *args[0], pos);
 
@@ -1035,7 +1035,7 @@ void prim_getAttr(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Value & v)
     // !!! Should we create a symbol here or just do a lookup?
     Bindings::iterator i = args[1]->attrs->find(state.symbols.create(attr));
     if (i == args[1]->attrs->end())
-        throw EvalError(format("attribute '%1%' missing, at %2%") % attr % pos);
+        throw EvalError(format("attribute ‘%1%’ missing, at %2%") % attr % pos);
     // !!! add to stack trace?
     if (state.countCalls && i->pos) state.attrSelects[*i->pos]++;
     state.forceValue(*i->value);
@@ -1115,14 +1115,14 @@ static void prim_listToAttrs(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args,
 
         Bindings::iterator j = v2.attrs->find(state.sName);
         if (j == v2.attrs->end())
-            throw TypeError(format("'name' attribute missing in a call to 'listToAttrs', at %1%") % pos);
+            throw TypeError(format("‘name’ attribute missing in a call to ‘listToAttrs’, at %1%") % pos);
         string name = state.forceStringNoCtx(*j->value, pos);
 
         Symbol sym = state.symbols.create(name);
         if (seen.find(sym) == seen.end()) {
             Bindings::iterator j2 = v2.attrs->find(state.symbols.create(state.sValue));
             if (j2 == v2.attrs->end())
-                throw TypeError(format("'value' attribute missing in a call to 'listToAttrs', at %1%") % pos);
+                throw TypeError(format("‘value’ attribute missing in a call to ‘listToAttrs’, at %1%") % pos);
 
             v.attrs->push_back(Attr(sym, j2->value, j2->pos));
             seen.insert(sym);
@@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@ static void prim_functionArgs(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args
 {
     state.forceValue(*args[0]);
     if (args[0]->type != tLambda)
-        throw TypeError(format("'functionArgs' requires a function, at %1%") % pos);
+        throw TypeError(format("‘functionArgs’ requires a function, at %1%") % pos);
 
     if (!args[0]->lambda.fun->matchAttrs) {
         state.mkAttrs(v, 0);
@@ -1256,7 +1256,7 @@ static void prim_tail(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Value
 {
     state.forceList(*args[0], pos);
     if (args[0]->listSize() == 0)
-        throw Error(format("'tail' called on an empty list, at %1%") % pos);
+        throw Error(format("‘tail’ called on an empty list, at %1%") % pos);
     state.mkList(v, args[0]->listSize() - 1);
     for (unsigned int n = 0; n < v.listSize(); ++n)
         v.listElems()[n] = args[0]->listElems()[n + 1];
@@ -1565,7 +1565,7 @@ static void prim_substring(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, V
     PathSet context;
     string s = state.coerceToString(pos, *args[2], context);
 
-    if (start < 0) throw EvalError(format("negative start position in 'substring', at %1%") % pos);
+    if (start < 0) throw EvalError(format("negative start position in ‘substring’, at %1%") % pos);
 
     mkString(v, (unsigned int) start >= s.size() ? "" : string(s, start, len), context);
 }
@@ -1612,7 +1612,7 @@ static void prim_hashString(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args,
     string type = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
     HashType ht = parseHashType(type);
     if (ht == htUnknown)
-      throw Error(format("unknown hash type '%1%', at %2%") % type % pos);
+      throw Error(format("unknown hash type ‘%1%’, at %2%") % type % pos);
 
     PathSet context; // discarded
     string s = state.forceString(*args[1], context, pos);
@@ -1622,7 +1622,7 @@ static void prim_hashString(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args,
 
 
 /* Match a regular expression against a string and return either
-   'null' or a list containing substring matches. */
+   ‘null’ or a list containing substring matches. */
 static void prim_match(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Value & v)
 {
     std::regex regex(state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos), std::regex::extended);
@@ -1674,7 +1674,7 @@ static void prim_replaceStrings(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * ar
     state.forceList(*args[0], pos);
     state.forceList(*args[1], pos);
     if (args[0]->listSize() != args[1]->listSize())
-        throw EvalError(format("'from' and 'to' arguments to 'replaceStrings' have different lengths, at %1%") % pos);
+        throw EvalError(format("‘from’ and ‘to’ arguments to ‘replaceStrings’ have different lengths, at %1%") % pos);
 
     vector<string> from;
     from.reserve(args[0]->listSize());
@@ -1765,17 +1765,17 @@ void fetch(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Value & v,
             else if (n == "name")
                 name = state.forceStringNoCtx(*attr.value, *attr.pos);
             else
-                throw EvalError(format("unsupported argument '%1%' to '%2%', at %3%") % attr.name % who % attr.pos);
+                throw EvalError(format("unsupported argument ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’, at %3%") % attr.name % who % attr.pos);
         }
 
         if (url.empty())
-            throw EvalError(format("'url' argument required, at %1%") % pos);
+            throw EvalError(format("‘url’ argument required, at %1%") % pos);
 
     } else
         url = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
 
     if (state.restricted && !expectedHash)
-        throw Error(format("'%1%' is not allowed in restricted mode") % who);
+        throw Error(format("‘%1%’ is not allowed in restricted mode") % who);
 
     Path res = getDownloader()->downloadCached(state.store, url, unpack, name, expectedHash);
     mkString(v, res, PathSet({res}));

src/libexpr/primops/fetchgit.cc

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace nix {
 Path exportGit(ref<Store> store, const std::string & uri, const std::string & rev)
 {
     if (!isUri(uri))
-        throw EvalError(format("'%s' is not a valid URI") % uri);
+        throw EvalError(format("‘%s’ is not a valid URI") % uri);
 
     Path cacheDir = getCacheDir() + "/nix/git";
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Path exportGit(ref<Store> store, const std::string & uri, const std::string & re
         runProgram("git", true, { "init", "--bare", cacheDir });
     }
 
-    Activity act(*logger, lvlInfo, format("fetching Git repository '%s'") % uri);
+    Activity act(*logger, lvlInfo, format("fetching Git repository ‘%s’") % uri);
 
     std::string localRef = "pid-" + std::to_string(getpid());
     Path localRefFile = cacheDir + "/refs/heads/" + localRef;
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Path exportGit(ref<Store> store, const std::string & uri, const std::string & re
 
     unlink(localRefFile.c_str());
 
-    debug(format("got revision '%s'") % commitHash);
+    debug(format("got revision ‘%s’") % commitHash);
 
     // FIXME: should pipe this, or find some better way to extract a
     // revision.
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Path exportGit(ref<Store> store, const std::string & uri, const std::string & re
 static void prim_fetchgit(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Value & v)
 {
     // FIXME: cut&paste from fetch().
-    if (state.restricted) throw Error("'fetchgit' is not allowed in restricted mode");
+    if (state.restricted) throw Error("‘fetchgit’ is not allowed in restricted mode");
 
     std::string url;
     std::string rev = "master";
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ static void prim_fetchgit(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Va
             else if (name == "rev")
                 rev = state.forceStringNoCtx(*attr.value, *attr.pos);
             else
-                throw EvalError(format("unsupported argument '%1%' to 'fetchgit', at %3%") % attr.name % attr.pos);
+                throw EvalError(format("unsupported argument ‘%1%’ to ‘fetchgit’, at %3%") % attr.name % attr.pos);
         }
 
         if (url.empty())
-            throw EvalError(format("'url' argument required, at %1%") % pos);
+            throw EvalError(format("‘url’ argument required, at %1%") % pos);
 
     } else
         url = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);

src/libmain/shared.cc

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ void printGCWarning()
     if (!gcWarning) return;
     static bool haveWarned = false;
     warnOnce(haveWarned,
-        "you did not specify '--add-root'; "
+        "you did not specify ‘--add-root’; "
         "the result might be removed by the garbage collector");
 }
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ string getArg(const string & opt,
     Strings::iterator & i, const Strings::iterator & end)
 {
     ++i;
-    if (i == end) throw UsageError(format("'%1%' requires an argument") % opt);
+    if (i == end) throw UsageError(format("‘%1%’ requires an argument") % opt);
     return *i;
 }
 
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ struct LegacyArgs : public MixCommonArgs
         mkFlag(0, "show-trace", "show Nix expression stack trace in evaluation errors",
             &settings.showTrace);
 
-        mkFlag(0, "no-gc-warning", "disable warning about not using '--add-root'",
+        mkFlag(0, "no-gc-warning", "disable warning about not using ‘--add-root’",
             &gcWarning, false);
     }
 
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ struct LegacyArgs : public MixCommonArgs
         Strings ss(args);
         auto pos = ss.begin();
         if (!parseArg(pos, ss.end()))
-            throw UsageError(format("unexpected argument '%1%'") % args.front());
+            throw UsageError(format("unexpected argument ‘%1%’") % args.front());
         return true;
     }
 };
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ void showManPage(const string & name)
 {
     restoreSIGPIPE();
     execlp("man", "man", name.c_str(), NULL);
-    throw SysError(format("command 'man %1%' failed") % name.c_str());
+    throw SysError(format("command ‘man %1%’ failed") % name.c_str());
 }
 
 
@@ -283,13 +283,13 @@ int handleExceptions(const string & programName, std::function<void()> fun)
         return e.status;
     } catch (UsageError & e) {
         printError(
-            format(error + "%1%\nTry '%2% --help' for more information.")
+            format(error + "%1%\nTry ‘%2% --help’ for more information.")
             % e.what() % programName);
         return 1;
     } catch (BaseError & e) {
         printError(format(error + "%1%%2%") % (settings.showTrace ? e.prefix() : "") % e.msg());
         if (e.prefix() != "" && !settings.showTrace)
-            printError("(use '--show-trace' to show detailed location information)");
+            printError("(use ‘--show-trace’ to show detailed location information)");
         return e.status;
     } catch (std::bad_alloc & e) {
         printError(error + "out of memory");
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ RunPager::RunPager()
         execlp("pager", "pager", NULL);
         execlp("less", "less", NULL);
         execlp("more", "more", NULL);
-        throw SysError(format("executing '%1%'") % pager);
+        throw SysError(format("executing ‘%1%’") % pager);
     });
 
     if (dup2(toPager.writeSide.get(), STDOUT_FILENO) == -1)

src/libmain/shared.hh

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ template<class N> N getIntArg(const string & opt,
     Strings::iterator & i, const Strings::iterator & end, bool allowUnit)
 {
     ++i;
-    if (i == end) throw UsageError(format("'%1%' requires an argument") % opt);
+    if (i == end) throw UsageError(format("‘%1%’ requires an argument") % opt);
     string s = *i;
     N multiplier = 1;
     if (allowUnit && !s.empty()) {
@@ -55,13 +55,13 @@ template<class N> N getIntArg(const string & opt,
             else if (u == 'M') multiplier = 1ULL << 20;
             else if (u == 'G') multiplier = 1ULL << 30;
             else if (u == 'T') multiplier = 1ULL << 40;
-            else throw UsageError(format("invalid unit specifier '%1%'") % u);
+            else throw UsageError(format("invalid unit specifier ‘%1%’") % u);
             s.resize(s.size() - 1);
         }
     }
     N n;
     if (!string2Int(s, n))
-        throw UsageError(format("'%1%' requires an integer argument") % opt);
+        throw UsageError(format("‘%1%’ requires an integer argument") % opt);
     return n * multiplier;
 }
 

src/libstore/binary-cache-store.cc

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ struct BinaryCacheStoreAccessor : public FSAccessor
         std::string restPath = std::string(path, storePath.size());
 
         if (!store->isValidPath(storePath))
-            throw InvalidPath(format("path '%1%' is not a valid store path") % storePath);
+            throw InvalidPath(format("path ‘%1%’ is not a valid store path") % storePath);
 
         auto i = nars.find(storePath);
         if (i != nars.end()) return {i->second, restPath};
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ void BinaryCacheStore::init()
             auto value = trim(line.substr(colon + 1, std::string::npos));
             if (name == "StoreDir") {
                 if (value != storeDir)
-                    throw Error(format("binary cache '%s' is for Nix stores with prefix '%s', not '%s'")
+                    throw Error(format("binary cache ‘%s’ is for Nix stores with prefix ‘%s’, not ‘%s’")
                         % getUri() % value % storeDir);
             } else if (name == "WantMassQuery") {
                 wantMassQuery_ = value == "1";
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ void BinaryCacheStore::addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, const ref<std::str
             if (ref != info.path)
                 queryPathInfo(ref);
         } catch (InvalidPath &) {
-            throw Error(format("cannot add '%s' to the binary cache because the reference '%s' is not valid")
+            throw Error(format("cannot add ‘%s’ to the binary cache because the reference ‘%s’ is not valid")
                 % info.path % ref);
         }
 
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ void BinaryCacheStore::addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, const ref<std::str
     narInfo->narHash = hashString(htSHA256, *nar);
 
     if (info.narHash && info.narHash != narInfo->narHash)
-        throw Error(format("refusing to copy corrupted path '%1%' to binary cache") % info.path);
+        throw Error(format("refusing to copy corrupted path ‘%1%’ to binary cache") % info.path);
 
     auto accessor_ = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<BinaryCacheStoreAccessor>(accessor);
 
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ void BinaryCacheStore::addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, const ref<std::str
     narInfo->fileSize = narCompressed->size();
 
     auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now2 - now1).count();
-    printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("copying path '%1%' (%2% bytes, compressed %3$.1f%% in %4% ms) to binary cache")
+    printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("copying path ‘%1%’ (%2% bytes, compressed %3$.1f%% in %4% ms) to binary cache")
         % narInfo->path % narInfo->narSize
         % ((1.0 - (double) narCompressed->size() / nar->size()) * 100.0)
         % duration);
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ void BinaryCacheStore::addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, const ref<std::str
 bool BinaryCacheStore::isValidPathUncached(const Path & storePath)
 {
     // FIXME: this only checks whether a .narinfo with a matching hash
-    // part exists. So 'f4kb...-foo' matches 'f4kb...-bar', even
+    // part exists. So ‘f4kb...-foo’ matches ‘f4kb...-bar’, even
     // though they shouldn't. Not easily fixed.
     return fileExists(narInfoFileFor(storePath));
 }
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ void BinaryCacheStore::narFromPath(const Path & storePath, Sink & sink)
 
     auto nar = getFile(info->url);
 
-    if (!nar) throw Error(format("file '%s' missing from binary cache") % info->url);
+    if (!nar) throw Error(format("file ‘%s’ missing from binary cache") % info->url);
 
     stats.narRead++;
     stats.narReadCompressedBytes += nar->size();
@@ -303,13 +303,13 @@ void BinaryCacheStore::narFromPath(const Path & storePath, Sink & sink)
     try {
         nar = decompress(info->compression, *nar);
     } catch (UnknownCompressionMethod &) {
-        throw Error(format("binary cache path '%s' uses unknown compression method '%s'")
+        throw Error(format("binary cache path ‘%s’ uses unknown compression method ‘%s’")
             % storePath % info->compression);
     }
 
     stats.narReadBytes += nar->size();
 
-    printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("exporting path '%1%' (%2% bytes)") % storePath % nar->size());
+    printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("exporting path ‘%1%’ (%2% bytes)") % storePath % nar->size());
 
     assert(nar->size() % 8 == 0);
 

src/libstore/build.cc

@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ void Goal::waiteeDone(GoalPtr waitee, ExitCode result)
     assert(waitees.find(waitee) != waitees.end());
     waitees.erase(waitee);
 
-    trace(format("waitee '%1%' done; %2% left") %
+    trace(format("waitee ‘%1%’ done; %2% left") %
         waitee->name % waitees.size());
 
     if (result == ecFailed || result == ecNoSubstituters || result == ecIncompleteClosure) ++nrFailed;
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ static void commonChildInit(Pipe & logPipe)
     /* Reroute stdin to /dev/null. */
     int fdDevNull = open(pathNullDevice.c_str(), O_RDWR);
     if (fdDevNull == -1)
-        throw SysError(format("cannot open '%1%'") % pathNullDevice);
+        throw SysError(format("cannot open ‘%1%’") % pathNullDevice);
     if (dup2(fdDevNull, STDIN_FILENO) == -1)
         throw SysError("cannot dup null device into stdin");
     close(fdDevNull);
@@ -477,29 +477,29 @@ void UserLock::acquire()
     /* Get the members of the build-users-group. */
     struct group * gr = getgrnam(settings.buildUsersGroup.c_str());
     if (!gr)
-        throw Error(format("the group '%1%' specified in 'build-users-group' does not exist")
+        throw Error(format("the group ‘%1%’ specified in ‘build-users-group’ does not exist")
             % settings.buildUsersGroup);
     gid = gr->gr_gid;
 
     /* Copy the result of getgrnam. */
     Strings users;
     for (char * * p = gr->gr_mem; *p; ++p) {
-        debug(format("found build user '%1%'") % *p);
+        debug(format("found build user ‘%1%’") % *p);
         users.push_back(*p);
     }
 
     if (users.empty())
-        throw Error(format("the build users group '%1%' has no members")
+        throw Error(format("the build users group ‘%1%’ has no members")
             % settings.buildUsersGroup);
 
     /* Find a user account that isn't currently in use for another
        build. */
     for (auto & i : users) {
-        debug(format("trying user '%1%'") % i);
+        debug(format("trying user ‘%1%’") % i);
 
         struct passwd * pw = getpwnam(i.c_str());
         if (!pw)
-            throw Error(format("the user '%1%' in the group '%2%' does not exist")
+            throw Error(format("the user ‘%1%’ in the group ‘%2%’ does not exist")
                 % i % settings.buildUsersGroup);
 
         createDirs(settings.nixStateDir + "/userpool");
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ void UserLock::acquire()
 
         AutoCloseFD fd = open(fnUserLock.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_CLOEXEC, 0600);
         if (!fd)
-            throw SysError(format("opening user lock '%1%'") % fnUserLock);
+            throw SysError(format("opening user lock ‘%1%’") % fnUserLock);
 
         if (lockFile(fd.get(), ltWrite, false)) {
             fdUserLock = std::move(fd);
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ void UserLock::acquire()
 
             /* Sanity check... */
             if (uid == getuid() || uid == geteuid())
-                throw Error(format("the Nix user should not be a member of '%1%'")
+                throw Error(format("the Nix user should not be a member of ‘%1%’")
                     % settings.buildUsersGroup);
 
 #if __linux__
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ void UserLock::acquire()
             int err = getgrouplist(pw->pw_name, pw->pw_gid,
                 supplementaryGIDs.data(), &ngroups);
             if (err == -1)
-                throw Error(format("failed to get list of supplementary groups for '%1%'") % pw->pw_name);
+                throw Error(format("failed to get list of supplementary groups for ‘%1%’") % pw->pw_name);
 
             supplementaryGIDs.resize(ngroups);
 #endif
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ void UserLock::acquire()
     }
 
     throw Error(format("all build users are currently in use; "
-        "consider creating additional users and adding them to the '%1%' group")
+        "consider creating additional users and adding them to the ‘%1%’ group")
         % settings.buildUsersGroup);
 }
 
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ HookInstance::HookInstance()
 
         execv(buildHook.c_str(), stringsToCharPtrs(args).data());
 
-        throw SysError(format("executing '%1%'") % buildHook);
+        throw SysError(format("executing ‘%1%’") % buildHook);
     });
 
     pid.setSeparatePG(true);
@@ -910,7 +910,7 @@ DerivationGoal::DerivationGoal(const Path & drvPath, const StringSet & wantedOut
     , buildMode(buildMode)
 {
     state = &DerivationGoal::getDerivation;
-    name = (format("building of '%1%'") % drvPath).str();
+    name = (format("building of ‘%1%’") % drvPath).str();
     trace("created");
 }
 
@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::loadDerivation()
     trace("loading derivation");
 
     if (nrFailed != 0) {
-        printError(format("cannot build missing derivation '%1%'") % drvPath);
+        printError(format("cannot build missing derivation ‘%1%’") % drvPath);
         done(BuildResult::MiscFailure);
         return;
     }
@@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::haveDerivation()
         if (drv->outputs.size() != 1 ||
             drv->outputs.find("out") == drv->outputs.end() ||
             drv->outputs["out"].hashAlgo == "")
-            throw Error(format("cannot do a hash build of non-fixed-output derivation '%1%'") % drvPath);
+            throw Error(format("cannot do a hash build of non-fixed-output derivation ‘%1%’") % drvPath);
     }
 
     /* We are first going to try to create the invalid output paths
@@ -1084,7 +1084,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::outputsSubstituted()
     trace("all outputs substituted (maybe)");
 
     if (nrFailed > 0 && nrFailed > nrNoSubstituters + nrIncompleteClosure && !settings.tryFallback) {
-        done(BuildResult::TransientFailure, (format("some substitutes for the outputs of derivation '%1%' failed (usually happens due to networking issues); try '--fallback' to build derivation from source ") % drvPath).str());
+        done(BuildResult::TransientFailure, (format("some substitutes for the outputs of derivation ‘%1%’ failed (usually happens due to networking issues); try ‘--fallback’ to build derivation from source ") % drvPath).str());
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1111,7 +1111,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::outputsSubstituted()
         return;
     }
     if (buildMode == bmCheck && nrInvalid > 0)
-        throw Error(format("some outputs of '%1%' are not valid, so checking is not possible") % drvPath);
+        throw Error(format("some outputs of ‘%1%’ are not valid, so checking is not possible") % drvPath);
 
     /* Otherwise, at least one of the output paths could not be
        produced using a substitute.  So we have to build instead. */
@@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::outputsSubstituted()
     for (auto & i : drv->inputSrcs) {
         if (worker.store.isValidPath(i)) continue;
         if (!settings.useSubstitutes)
-            throw Error(format("dependency of '%1%' of '%2%' does not exist, and substitution is disabled")
+            throw Error(format("dependency of ‘%1%’ of ‘%2%’ does not exist, and substitution is disabled")
                 % i % drvPath);
         addWaitee(worker.makeSubstitutionGoal(i));
     }
@@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::repairClosure()
     PathSet broken;
     for (auto & i : outputClosure) {
         if (worker.pathContentsGood(i)) continue;
-        printError(format("found corrupted or missing path '%1%' in the output closure of '%2%'") % i % drvPath);
+        printError(format("found corrupted or missing path ‘%1%’ in the output closure of ‘%2%’") % i % drvPath);
         Path drvPath2 = outputsToDrv[i];
         if (drvPath2 == "")
             addWaitee(worker.makeSubstitutionGoal(i, true));
@@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::closureRepaired()
 {
     trace("closure repaired");
     if (nrFailed > 0)
-        throw Error(format("some paths in the output closure of derivation '%1%' could not be repaired") % drvPath);
+        throw Error(format("some paths in the output closure of derivation ‘%1%’ could not be repaired") % drvPath);
     done(BuildResult::AlreadyValid);
 }
 
@@ -1207,9 +1207,9 @@ void DerivationGoal::inputsRealised()
 
     if (nrFailed != 0) {
         if (!useDerivation)
-            throw Error(format("some dependencies of '%1%' are missing") % drvPath);
+            throw Error(format("some dependencies of ‘%1%’ are missing") % drvPath);
         printError(
-            format("cannot build derivation '%1%': %2% dependencies couldn't be built")
+            format("cannot build derivation ‘%1%’: %2% dependencies couldn't be built")
             % drvPath % nrFailed);
         done(BuildResult::DependencyFailed);
         return;
@@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::inputsRealised()
 
     /* The outputs are referenceable paths. */
     for (auto & i : drv->outputs) {
-        debug(format("building path '%1%'") % i.second.path);
+        debug(format("building path ‘%1%’") % i.second.path);
         allPaths.insert(i.second.path);
     }
 
@@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::inputsRealised()
                     worker.store.computeFSClosure(inDrv.outputs[j].path, inputPaths);
                 else
                     throw Error(
-                        format("derivation '%1%' requires non-existent output '%2%' from input derivation '%3%'")
+                        format("derivation ‘%1%’ requires non-existent output ‘%2%’ from input derivation ‘%3%’")
                         % drvPath % j % i.first);
         }
 
@@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::tryToBuild()
        goal to sleep until another goal finishes, then try again. */
     for (auto & i : drv->outputs)
         if (pathIsLockedByMe(worker.store.toRealPath(i.second.path))) {
-            debug(format("putting derivation '%1%' to sleep because '%2%' is locked by another goal")
+            debug(format("putting derivation ‘%1%’ to sleep because ‘%2%’ is locked by another goal")
                 % drvPath % i.second.path);
             worker.waitForAnyGoal(shared_from_this());
             return;
@@ -1312,7 +1312,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::tryToBuild()
        build this derivation, so no further checks are necessary. */
     validPaths = checkPathValidity(true, buildMode == bmRepair);
     if (buildMode != bmCheck && validPaths.size() == drv->outputs.size()) {
-        debug(format("skipping build of derivation '%1%', someone beat us to it") % drvPath);
+        debug(format("skipping build of derivation ‘%1%’, someone beat us to it") % drvPath);
         outputLocks.setDeletion(true);
         done(BuildResult::AlreadyValid);
         return;
@@ -1327,7 +1327,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::tryToBuild()
     for (auto & i : drv->outputs) {
         Path path = i.second.path;
         if (worker.store.isValidPath(path)) continue;
-        debug(format("removing invalid path '%1%'") % path);
+        debug(format("removing invalid path ‘%1%’") % path);
         deletePath(worker.store.toRealPath(path));
     }
 
@@ -1396,7 +1396,7 @@ void replaceValidPath(const Path & storePath, const Path tmpPath)
     if (pathExists(storePath))
         rename(storePath.c_str(), oldPath.c_str());
     if (rename(tmpPath.c_str(), storePath.c_str()) == -1)
-        throw SysError(format("moving '%1%' to '%2%'") % tmpPath % storePath);
+        throw SysError(format("moving ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’") % tmpPath % storePath);
     deletePath(oldPath);
 }
 
@@ -1416,7 +1416,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::buildDone()
        child */
     int status = hook ? hook->pid.wait(true) : pid.wait(true);
 
-    debug(format("builder process for '%1%' finished") % drvPath);
+    debug(format("builder process for ‘%1%’ finished") % drvPath);
 
     /* So the child is gone now. */
     worker.childTerminated(this);
@@ -1470,7 +1470,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::buildDone()
                     if (pathExists(chrootRootDir + i))
                         rename((chrootRootDir + i).c_str(), i.c_str());
 
-            std::string msg = (format("builder for '%1%' %2%")
+            std::string msg = (format("builder for ‘%1%’ %2%")
                 % drvPath % statusToString(status)).str();
 
             if (!settings.verboseBuild && !logTail.empty()) {
@@ -1583,12 +1583,12 @@ HookReply DerivationGoal::tryBuildHook()
         writeToStderr(s);
     }
 
-    debug(format("hook reply is '%1%'") % reply);
+    debug(format("hook reply is ‘%1%’") % reply);
 
     if (reply == "decline" || reply == "postpone")
         return reply == "decline" ? rpDecline : rpPostpone;
     else if (reply != "accept")
-        throw Error(format("bad hook reply '%1%'") % reply);
+        throw Error(format("bad hook reply ‘%1%’") % reply);
 
     printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("using hook to build path(s) %1%") % showPaths(missingPaths));
 
@@ -1631,7 +1631,7 @@ HookReply DerivationGoal::tryBuildHook()
 void chmod_(const Path & path, mode_t mode)
 {
     if (chmod(path.c_str(), mode) == -1)
-        throw SysError(format("setting permissions on '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("setting permissions on ‘%1%’") % path);
 }
 
 
@@ -1655,7 +1655,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
     /* Right platform? */
     if (!drv->canBuildLocally()) {
         throw Error(
-            format("a '%1%' is required to build '%3%', but I am a '%2%'")
+            format("a ‘%1%’ is required to build ‘%3%’, but I am a ‘%2%’")
             % drv->platform % settings.thisSystem % drvPath);
     }
 
@@ -1673,15 +1673,15 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
             /* deprecated alias */
             settings.get("build-use-chroot", string("false")));
         if (x != "true" && x != "false" && x != "relaxed")
-            throw Error("option 'build-use-sandbox' must be set to one of 'true', 'false' or 'relaxed'");
+            throw Error("option ‘build-use-sandbox’ must be set to one of ‘true’, ‘false’ or ‘relaxed’");
         if (x == "true") {
             if (get(drv->env, "__noChroot") == "1")
-                throw Error(format("derivation '%1%' has '__noChroot' set, "
-                    "but that's not allowed when 'build-use-sandbox' is 'true'") % drvPath);
+                throw Error(format("derivation ‘%1%’ has ‘__noChroot’ set, "
+                    "but that's not allowed when ‘build-use-sandbox’ is ‘true’") % drvPath);
 #if __APPLE__
             if (additionalSandboxProfile != "")
-                throw Error(format("derivation '%1%' specifies a sandbox profile, "
-                    "but this is only allowed when 'build-use-sandbox' is 'relaxed'") % drvPath);
+                throw Error(format("derivation ‘%1%’ specifies a sandbox profile, "
+                    "but this is only allowed when ‘build-use-sandbox’ is ‘relaxed’") % drvPath);
 #endif
             useChroot = true;
         }
@@ -1795,7 +1795,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
     string s = get(drv->env, "exportReferencesGraph");
     Strings ss = tokenizeString<Strings>(s);
     if (ss.size() % 2 != 0)
-        throw BuildError(format("odd number of tokens in 'exportReferencesGraph': '%1%'") % s);
+        throw BuildError(format("odd number of tokens in ‘exportReferencesGraph’: ‘%1%’") % s);
     for (Strings::iterator i = ss.begin(); i != ss.end(); ) {
         string fileName = *i++;
         checkStoreName(fileName); /* !!! abuse of this function */
@@ -1803,11 +1803,11 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
         /* Check that the store path is valid. */
         Path storePath = *i++;
         if (!worker.store.isInStore(storePath))
-            throw BuildError(format("'exportReferencesGraph' contains a non-store path '%1%'")
+            throw BuildError(format("‘exportReferencesGraph’ contains a non-store path ‘%1%’")
                 % storePath);
         storePath = worker.store.toStorePath(storePath);
         if (!worker.store.isValidPath(storePath))
-            throw BuildError(format("'exportReferencesGraph' contains an invalid path '%1%'")
+            throw BuildError(format("‘exportReferencesGraph’ contains an invalid path ‘%1%’")
                 % storePath);
 
         /* If there are derivations in the graph, then include their
@@ -1846,7 +1846,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
 
         for (auto & p : filesToChown)
             if (chown(p.c_str(), buildUser.getUID(), buildUser.getGID()) == -1)
-                throw SysError(format("cannot change ownership of '%1%'") % p);
+                throw SysError(format("cannot change ownership of ‘%1%’") % p);
     }
 
 
@@ -1893,7 +1893,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
                 if (worker.store.isInStore(i.second.source))
                     worker.store.computeFSClosure(worker.store.toStorePath(i.second.source), closure);
             } catch (Error & e) {
-                throw Error(format("while processing 'build-sandbox-paths': %s") % e.what());
+                throw Error(format("while processing ‘build-sandbox-paths’: %s") % e.what());
             }
         for (auto & i : closure)
             dirsInChroot[i] = i;
@@ -1919,7 +1919,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
                 }
             }
             if (!found)
-                throw Error(format("derivation '%1%' requested impure path '%2%', but it was not in allowed-impure-host-deps ('%3%')") % drvPath % i % allowed);
+                throw Error(format("derivation ‘%1%’ requested impure path ‘%2%’, but it was not in allowed-impure-host-deps (‘%3%’)") % drvPath % i % allowed);
 
             dirsInChroot[i] = i;
         }
@@ -1935,13 +1935,13 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
         /* Clean up the chroot directory automatically. */
         autoDelChroot = std::make_shared<AutoDelete>(chrootRootDir);
 
-        printMsg(lvlChatty, format("setting up chroot environment in '%1%'") % chrootRootDir);
+        printMsg(lvlChatty, format("setting up chroot environment in ‘%1%’") % chrootRootDir);
 
         if (mkdir(chrootRootDir.c_str(), 0750) == -1)
-            throw SysError(format("cannot create '%1%'") % chrootRootDir);
+            throw SysError(format("cannot create ‘%1%’") % chrootRootDir);
 
         if (buildUser.enabled() && chown(chrootRootDir.c_str(), 0, buildUser.getGID()) == -1)
-            throw SysError(format("cannot change ownership of '%1%'") % chrootRootDir);
+            throw SysError(format("cannot change ownership of ‘%1%’") % chrootRootDir);
 
         /* Create a writable /tmp in the chroot.  Many builders need
            this.  (Of course they should really respect $TMPDIR
@@ -1985,13 +1985,13 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
         chmod_(chrootStoreDir, 01775);
 
         if (buildUser.enabled() && chown(chrootStoreDir.c_str(), 0, buildUser.getGID()) == -1)
-            throw SysError(format("cannot change ownership of '%1%'") % chrootStoreDir);
+            throw SysError(format("cannot change ownership of ‘%1%’") % chrootStoreDir);
 
         for (auto & i : inputPaths) {
             Path r = worker.store.toRealPath(i);
             struct stat st;
             if (lstat(r.c_str(), &st))
-                throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path '%1%'") % i);
+                throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path ‘%1%’") % i);
             if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
                 dirsInChroot[i] = r;
             else {
@@ -2002,7 +2002,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
                        which is quite possible after a `nix-store
                        --optimise'. */
                     if (errno != EMLINK)
-                        throw SysError(format("linking '%1%' to '%2%'") % p % i);
+                        throw SysError(format("linking ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’") % p % i);
                     StringSink sink;
                     dumpPath(r, sink);
                     StringSource source(*sink.s);
@@ -2030,7 +2030,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
     else {
 
         if (pathExists(homeDir))
-            throw Error(format("directory '%1%' exists; please remove it") % homeDir);
+            throw Error(format("directory ‘%1%’ exists; please remove it") % homeDir);
 
         /* We're not doing a chroot build, but we have some valid
            output paths.  Since we can't just overwrite or delete
@@ -2056,7 +2056,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
     }
 
     if (settings.preBuildHook != "") {
-        printMsg(lvlChatty, format("executing pre-build hook '%1%'")
+        printMsg(lvlChatty, format("executing pre-build hook ‘%1%’")
             % settings.preBuildHook);
         auto args = useChroot ? Strings({drvPath, chrootRootDir}) :
             Strings({ drvPath });
@@ -2075,7 +2075,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
                 if (line == "extra-sandbox-paths" || line == "extra-chroot-dirs") {
                     state = stExtraChrootDirs;
                 } else {
-                    throw Error(format("unknown pre-build hook command '%1%'")
+                    throw Error(format("unknown pre-build hook command ‘%1%’")
                         % line);
                 }
             } else if (state == stExtraChrootDirs) {
@@ -2093,7 +2093,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
     }
 
     /* Run the builder. */
-    printMsg(lvlChatty, format("executing builder '%1%'") % drv->builder);
+    printMsg(lvlChatty, format("executing builder ‘%1%’") % drv->builder);
 
     /* Create the log file. */
     Path logFile = openLogFile();
@@ -2288,13 +2288,13 @@ void DerivationGoal::runChild()
                 vector<string> fields = tokenizeString<vector<string> >(i, " ");
                 string fs = decodeOctalEscaped(fields.at(4));
                 if (mount(0, fs.c_str(), 0, MS_PRIVATE, 0) == -1)
-                    throw SysError(format("unable to make filesystem '%1%' private") % fs);
+                    throw SysError(format("unable to make filesystem ‘%1%’ private") % fs);
             }
 
             /* Bind-mount chroot directory to itself, to treat it as a
                different filesystem from /, as needed for pivot_root. */
             if (mount(chrootRootDir.c_str(), chrootRootDir.c_str(), 0, MS_BIND, 0) == -1)
-                throw SysError(format("unable to bind mount '%1%'") % chrootRootDir);
+                throw SysError(format("unable to bind mount ‘%1%’") % chrootRootDir);
 
             /* Set up a nearly empty /dev, unless the user asked to
                bind-mount the host /dev. */
@@ -2340,12 +2340,12 @@ void DerivationGoal::runChild()
                 Path source = i.second.source;
                 Path target = chrootRootDir + i.first;
                 if (source == "/proc") continue; // backwards compatibility
-                debug(format("bind mounting '%1%' to '%2%'") % source % target);
+                debug(format("bind mounting ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’") % source % target);
                 if (stat(source.c_str(), &st) == -1) {
                     if (i.second.optional && errno == ENOENT)
                         continue;
                     else
-                        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path '%1%'") % source);
+                        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path ‘%1%’") % source);
                 }
                 if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
                     createDirs(target);
@@ -2354,7 +2354,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::runChild()
                     writeFile(target, "");
                 }
                 if (mount(source.c_str(), target.c_str(), "", MS_BIND | MS_REC, 0) == -1)
-                    throw SysError(format("bind mount from '%1%' to '%2%' failed") % source % target);
+                    throw SysError(format("bind mount from ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’ failed") % source % target);
             }
 
             /* Bind a new instance of procfs on /proc. */
@@ -2392,16 +2392,16 @@ void DerivationGoal::runChild()
 
             /* Do the chroot(). */
             if (chdir(chrootRootDir.c_str()) == -1)
-                throw SysError(format("cannot change directory to '%1%'") % chrootRootDir);
+                throw SysError(format("cannot change directory to ‘%1%’") % chrootRootDir);
 
             if (mkdir("real-root", 0) == -1)
                 throw SysError("cannot create real-root directory");
 
             if (pivot_root(".", "real-root") == -1)
-                throw SysError(format("cannot pivot old root directory onto '%1%'") % (chrootRootDir + "/real-root"));
+                throw SysError(format("cannot pivot old root directory onto ‘%1%’") % (chrootRootDir + "/real-root"));
 
             if (chroot(".") == -1)
-                throw SysError(format("cannot change root directory to '%1%'") % chrootRootDir);
+                throw SysError(format("cannot change root directory to ‘%1%’") % chrootRootDir);
 
             if (umount2("real-root", MNT_DETACH) == -1)
                 throw SysError("cannot unmount real root filesystem");
@@ -2422,7 +2422,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::runChild()
 #endif
 
         if (chdir(tmpDirInSandbox.c_str()) == -1)
-            throw SysError(format("changing into '%1%'") % tmpDir);
+            throw SysError(format("changing into ‘%1%’") % tmpDir);
 
         /* Close all other file descriptors. */
         closeMostFDs(set<int>());
@@ -2564,7 +2564,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::runChild()
                 if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st)) {
                     if (i.second.optional && errno == ENOENT)
                         continue;
-                    throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path '%1%'") % path);
+                    throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path ‘%1%’") % path);
                 }
                 if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
                     sandboxProfile += (format("\t(subpath \"%1%\")\n") % path).str();
@@ -2619,7 +2619,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::runChild()
                 if (drv->builder == "builtin:fetchurl")
                     builtinFetchurl(*drv);
                 else
-                    throw Error(format("unsupported builtin function '%1%'") % string(drv->builder, 8));
+                    throw Error(format("unsupported builtin function ‘%1%’") % string(drv->builder, 8));
                 _exit(0);
             } catch (std::exception & e) {
                 writeFull(STDERR_FILENO, "error: " + string(e.what()) + "\n");
@@ -2629,7 +2629,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::runChild()
 
         execve(builder, stringsToCharPtrs(args).data(), stringsToCharPtrs(envStrs).data());
 
-        throw SysError(format("executing '%1%'") % drv->builder);
+        throw SysError(format("executing ‘%1%’") % drv->builder);
 
     } catch (std::exception & e) {
         writeFull(STDERR_FILENO, "\1while setting up the build environment: " + string(e.what()) + "\n");
@@ -2651,7 +2651,7 @@ PathSet parseReferenceSpecifiers(Store & store, const BasicDerivation & drv, str
         else if (drv.outputs.find(i) != drv.outputs.end())
             result.insert(drv.outputs.find(i)->second.path);
         else throw BuildError(
-            format("derivation contains an illegal reference specifier '%1%'") % i);
+            format("derivation contains an illegal reference specifier ‘%1%’") % i);
     }
     return result;
 }
@@ -2694,7 +2694,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
                     replaceValidPath(path, actualPath);
                 else
                     if (buildMode != bmCheck && rename(actualPath.c_str(), worker.store.toRealPath(path).c_str()) == -1)
-                        throw SysError(format("moving build output '%1%' from the sandbox to the Nix store") % path);
+                        throw SysError(format("moving build output ‘%1%’ from the sandbox to the Nix store") % path);
             }
             if (buildMode != bmCheck) actualPath = worker.store.toRealPath(path);
         } else {
@@ -2711,9 +2711,9 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
         if (lstat(actualPath.c_str(), &st) == -1) {
             if (errno == ENOENT)
                 throw BuildError(
-                    format("builder for '%1%' failed to produce output path '%2%'")
+                    format("builder for ‘%1%’ failed to produce output path ‘%2%’")
                     % drvPath % path);
-            throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path '%1%'") % actualPath);
+            throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path ‘%1%’") % actualPath);
         }
 
 #ifndef __CYGWIN__
@@ -2723,13 +2723,13 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
            user. */
         if ((!S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) && (st.st_mode & (S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH))) ||
             (buildUser.enabled() && st.st_uid != buildUser.getUID()))
-            throw BuildError(format("suspicious ownership or permission on '%1%'; rejecting this build output") % path);
+            throw BuildError(format("suspicious ownership or permission on ‘%1%’; rejecting this build output") % path);
 #endif
 
         /* Apply hash rewriting if necessary. */
         bool rewritten = false;
         if (!outputRewrites.empty()) {
-            printError(format("warning: rewriting hashes in '%1%'; cross fingers") % path);
+            printError(format("warning: rewriting hashes in ‘%1%’; cross fingers") % path);
 
             /* Canonicalise first.  This ensures that the path we're
                rewriting doesn't contain a hard link to /etc/shadow or
@@ -2760,7 +2760,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
                    execute permission. */
                 if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || (st.st_mode & S_IXUSR) != 0)
                     throw BuildError(
-                        format("output path '%1%' should be a non-executable regular file") % path);
+                        format("output path ‘%1%’ should be a non-executable regular file") % path);
             }
 
             /* Check the hash. In hash mode, move the path produced by
@@ -2768,7 +2768,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
             Hash h2 = recursive ? hashPath(h.type, actualPath).first : hashFile(h.type, actualPath);
             if (buildMode == bmHash) {
                 Path dest = worker.store.makeFixedOutputPath(recursive, h2, drv->env["name"]);
-                printError(format("build produced path '%1%' with %2% hash '%3%'")
+                printError(format("build produced path ‘%1%’ with %2% hash ‘%3%’")
                     % dest % printHashType(h.type) % printHash16or32(h2));
                 if (worker.store.isValidPath(dest))
                     return;
@@ -2777,14 +2777,14 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
                     PathLocks outputLocks({actualDest});
                     deletePath(actualDest);
                     if (rename(actualPath.c_str(), actualDest.c_str()) == -1)
-                        throw SysError(format("moving '%1%' to '%2%'") % actualPath % dest);
+                        throw SysError(format("moving ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’") % actualPath % dest);
                 }
                 path = dest;
                 actualPath = actualDest;
             } else {
                 if (h != h2)
                     throw BuildError(
-                        format("output path '%1%' has %2% hash '%3%' when '%4%' was expected")
+                        format("output path ‘%1%’ has %2% hash ‘%3%’ when ‘%4%’ was expected")
                         % path % i.second.hashAlgo % printHash16or32(h2) % printHash16or32(h));
             }
         }
@@ -2798,7 +2798,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
            contained in it.  Compute the SHA-256 NAR hash at the same
            time.  The hash is stored in the database so that we can
            verify later on whether nobody has messed with the store. */
-        Activity act(*logger, lvlTalkative, format("scanning for references inside '%1%'") % path);
+        Activity act(*logger, lvlTalkative, format("scanning for references inside ‘%1%’") % path);
         HashResult hash;
         PathSet references = scanForReferences(actualPath, allPaths, hash);
 
@@ -2810,11 +2810,11 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
                     Path dst = worker.store.toRealPath(path + checkSuffix);
                     deletePath(dst);
                     if (rename(actualPath.c_str(), dst.c_str()))
-                        throw SysError(format("renaming '%1%' to '%2%'") % actualPath % dst);
-                    throw Error(format("derivation '%1%' may not be deterministic: output '%2%' differs from '%3%'")
+                        throw SysError(format("renaming ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’") % actualPath % dst);
+                    throw Error(format("derivation ‘%1%’ may not be deterministic: output ‘%2%’ differs from ‘%3%’")
                         % drvPath % path % dst);
                 } else
-                    throw Error(format("derivation '%1%' may not be deterministic: output '%2%' differs")
+                    throw Error(format("derivation ‘%1%’ may not be deterministic: output ‘%2%’ differs")
                         % drvPath % path);
             }
 
@@ -2834,9 +2834,9 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
         for (auto & i : inputPaths) {
             PathSet::iterator j = references.find(i);
             if (j == references.end())
-                debug(format("unreferenced input: '%1%'") % i);
+                debug(format("unreferenced input: ‘%1%’") % i);
             else
-                debug(format("referenced input: '%1%'") % i);
+                debug(format("referenced input: ‘%1%’") % i);
         }
 
         /* Enforce `allowedReferences' and friends. */
@@ -2872,7 +2872,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
                     badPathsStr += "\n\t";
                     badPathsStr += i;
                 }
-                throw BuildError(format("output '%1%' is not allowed to refer to the following paths:%2%") % actualPath % badPathsStr);
+                throw BuildError(format("output ‘%1%’ is not allowed to refer to the following paths:%2%") % actualPath % badPathsStr);
             }
         };
 
@@ -2909,11 +2909,11 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
                 Path prev = i->path + checkSuffix;
                 if (pathExists(prev))
                     throw NotDeterministic(
-                        format("output '%1%' of '%2%' differs from '%3%' from previous round")
+                        format("output ‘%1%’ of ‘%2%’ differs from ‘%3%’ from previous round")
                         % i->path % drvPath % prev);
                 else
                     throw NotDeterministic(
-                        format("output '%1%' of '%2%' differs from previous round")
+                        format("output ‘%1%’ of ‘%2%’ differs from previous round")
                         % i->path % drvPath);
             }
         abort(); // shouldn't happen
@@ -2926,7 +2926,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
             if (curRound < nrRounds) {
                 Path dst = i.second.path + checkSuffix;
                 if (rename(i.second.path.c_str(), dst.c_str()))
-                    throw SysError(format("renaming '%1%' to '%2%'") % i.second.path % dst);
+                    throw SysError(format("renaming ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’") % i.second.path % dst);
             }
         }
 
@@ -2965,7 +2965,7 @@ Path DerivationGoal::openLogFile()
         % (settings.compressLog ? ".bz2" : "")).str();
 
     fdLogFile = open(logFileName.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0666);
-    if (!fdLogFile) throw SysError(format("creating log file '%1%'") % logFileName);
+    if (!fdLogFile) throw SysError(format("creating log file ‘%1%’") % logFileName);
 
     logFileSink = std::make_shared<FdSink>(fdLogFile.get());
 
@@ -2993,7 +2993,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::deleteTmpDir(bool force)
     if (tmpDir != "") {
         if (settings.keepFailed && !force) {
             printError(
-                format("note: keeping build directory '%2%'")
+                format("note: keeping build directory ‘%2%’")
                 % drvPath % tmpDir);
             chmod(tmpDir.c_str(), 0755);
         }
@@ -3177,7 +3177,7 @@ SubstitutionGoal::SubstitutionGoal(const Path & storePath, Worker & worker, bool
 {
     this->storePath = storePath;
     state = &SubstitutionGoal::init;
-    name = (format("substitution of '%1%'") % storePath).str();
+    name = (format("substitution of ‘%1%’") % storePath).str();
     trace("created");
 }
 
@@ -3215,7 +3215,7 @@ void SubstitutionGoal::init()
     }
 
     if (settings.readOnlyMode)
-        throw Error(format("cannot substitute path '%1%' - no write access to the Nix store") % storePath);
+        throw Error(format("cannot substitute path ‘%1%’ - no write access to the Nix store") % storePath);
 
     subs = settings.useSubstitutes ? getDefaultSubstituters() : std::list<ref<Store>>();
 
@@ -3230,7 +3230,7 @@ void SubstitutionGoal::tryNext()
     if (subs.size() == 0) {
         /* None left.  Terminate this goal and let someone else deal
            with it. */
-        debug(format("path '%1%' is required, but there is no substituter that can build it") % storePath);
+        debug(format("path ‘%1%’ is required, but there is no substituter that can build it") % storePath);
 
         /* Hack: don't indicate failure if there were no substituters.
            In that case the calling derivation should just do a
@@ -3261,7 +3261,7 @@ void SubstitutionGoal::tryNext()
        signature. LocalStore::addToStore() also checks for this, but
        only after we've downloaded the path. */
     if (worker.store.requireSigs && !info->checkSignatures(worker.store, worker.store.publicKeys)) {
-        printInfo(format("warning: substituter '%s' does not have a valid signature for path '%s'")
+        printInfo(format("warning: substituter ‘%s’ does not have a valid signature for path ‘%s’")
             % sub->getUri() % storePath);
         tryNext();
         return;
@@ -3285,7 +3285,7 @@ void SubstitutionGoal::referencesValid()
     trace("all references realised");
 
     if (nrFailed > 0) {
-        debug(format("some references of path '%1%' could not be realised") % storePath);
+        debug(format("some references of path ‘%1%’ could not be realised") % storePath);
         amDone(nrNoSubstituters > 0 || nrIncompleteClosure > 0 ? ecIncompleteClosure : ecFailed);
         return;
     }
@@ -3312,7 +3312,7 @@ void SubstitutionGoal::tryToRun()
         return;
     }
 
-    printInfo(format("fetching path '%1%'...") % storePath);
+    printInfo(format("fetching path ‘%1%’...") % storePath);
 
     outPipe.create();
 
@@ -3359,7 +3359,7 @@ void SubstitutionGoal::finished()
     worker.markContentsGood(storePath);
 
     printMsg(lvlChatty,
-        format("substitution of path '%1%' succeeded") % storePath);
+        format("substitution of path ‘%1%’ succeeded") % storePath);
 
     amDone(ecSuccess);
 }
@@ -3589,7 +3589,7 @@ void Worker::run(const Goals & _topGoals)
             waitForInput();
         else {
             if (awake.empty() && settings.maxBuildJobs == 0) throw Error(
-                "unable to start any build; either increase '--max-jobs' "
+                "unable to start any build; either increase ‘--max-jobs’ "
                 "or enable distributed builds");
             assert(!awake.empty());
         }
@@ -3744,7 +3744,7 @@ bool Worker::pathContentsGood(const Path & path)
 {
     std::map<Path, bool>::iterator i = pathContentsGoodCache.find(path);
     if (i != pathContentsGoodCache.end()) return i->second;
-    printInfo(format("checking path '%1%'...") % path);
+    printInfo(format("checking path ‘%1%’...") % path);
     auto info = store.queryPathInfo(path);
     bool res;
     if (!pathExists(path))
@@ -3755,7 +3755,7 @@ bool Worker::pathContentsGood(const Path & path)
         res = info->narHash == nullHash || info->narHash == current.first;
     }
     pathContentsGoodCache[path] = res;
-    if (!res) printError(format("path '%1%' is corrupted or missing!") % path);
+    if (!res) printError(format("path ‘%1%’ is corrupted or missing!") % path);
     return res;
 }
 
@@ -3829,7 +3829,7 @@ void LocalStore::ensurePath(const Path & path)
     worker.run(goals);
 
     if (goal->getExitCode() != Goal::ecSuccess)
-        throw Error(worker.exitStatus(), "path '%s' does not exist and cannot be created", path);
+        throw Error(worker.exitStatus(), "path ‘%s’ does not exist and cannot be created", path);
 }
 
 
@@ -3850,7 +3850,7 @@ void LocalStore::repairPath(const Path & path)
             goals.insert(worker.makeDerivationGoal(deriver, StringSet(), bmRepair));
             worker.run(goals);
         } else
-            throw Error(worker.exitStatus(), "cannot repair path '%s'", path);
+            throw Error(worker.exitStatus(), "cannot repair path ‘%s’", path);
     }
 }
 

src/libstore/builtins.cc

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ void builtinFetchurl(const BasicDerivation & drv)
 {
     auto getAttr = [&](const string & name) {
         auto i = drv.env.find(name);
-        if (i == drv.env.end()) throw Error(format("attribute '%s' missing") % name);
+        if (i == drv.env.end()) throw Error(format("attribute ‘%s’ missing") % name);
         return i->second;
     };
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ void builtinFetchurl(const BasicDerivation & drv)
     auto executable = drv.env.find("executable");
     if (executable != drv.env.end() && executable->second == "1") {
         if (chmod(storePath.c_str(), 0755) == -1)
-            throw SysError(format("making '%1%' executable") % storePath);
+            throw SysError(format("making ‘%1%’ executable") % storePath);
     }
 }
 

src/libstore/crypto.hh

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ struct Key
     std::string key;
 
     /* Construct Key from a string in the format
-       '<name>:<key-in-base64>'. */
+       ‘<name>:<key-in-base64>’. */
     Key(const std::string & s);
 
 protected:
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ private:
 
 typedef std::map<std::string, PublicKey> PublicKeys;
 
-/* Return true iff 'sig' is a correct signature over 'data' using one
+/* Return true iff ‘sig’ is a correct signature over ‘data’ using one
    of the given public keys. */
 bool verifyDetached(const std::string & data, const std::string & sig,
     const PublicKeys & publicKeys);

src/libstore/derivations.cc

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ void DerivationOutput::parseHashInfo(bool & recursive, Hash & hash) const
 
     HashType hashType = parseHashType(algo);
     if (hashType == htUnknown)
-        throw Error(format("unknown hash algorithm '%1%'") % algo);
+        throw Error(format("unknown hash algorithm ‘%1%’") % algo);
 
     hash = parseHash(hashType, this->hash);
 }
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Path BasicDerivation::findOutput(const string & id) const
 {
     auto i = outputs.find(id);
     if (i == outputs.end())
-        throw Error(format("derivation has no output '%1%'") % id);
+        throw Error(format("derivation has no output ‘%1%’") % id);
     return i->second.path;
 }
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ static void expect(std::istream & str, const string & s)
     char s2[s.size()];
     str.read(s2, s.size());
     if (string(s2, s.size()) != s)
-        throw FormatError(format("expected string '%1%'") % s);
+        throw FormatError(format("expected string ‘%1%’") % s);
 }
 
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ static Path parsePath(std::istream & str)
 {
     string s = parseString(str);
     if (s.size() == 0 || s[0] != '/')
-        throw FormatError(format("bad path '%1%' in derivation") % s);
+        throw FormatError(format("bad path ‘%1%’ in derivation") % s);
     return s;
 }
 
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ Derivation readDerivation(const Path & drvPath)
     try {
         return parseDerivation(readFile(drvPath));
     } catch (FormatError & e) {
-        throw Error(format("error parsing derivation '%1%': %2%") % drvPath % e.msg());
+        throw Error(format("error parsing derivation ‘%1%’: %2%") % drvPath % e.msg());
     }
 }
 
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ Derivation Store::derivationFromPath(const Path & drvPath)
     try {
         return parseDerivation(accessor->readFile(drvPath));
     } catch (FormatError & e) {
-        throw Error(format("error parsing derivation '%1%': %2%") % drvPath % e.msg());
+        throw Error(format("error parsing derivation ‘%1%’: %2%") % drvPath % e.msg());
     }
 }
 

src/libstore/download.cc

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ struct CurlDownloader : public Downloader
             if (requestHeaders) curl_slist_free_all(requestHeaders);
             try {
                 if (!done)
-                    fail(DownloadError(Interrupted, format("download of '%s' was interrupted") % request.uri));
+                    fail(DownloadError(Interrupted, format("download of ‘%s’ was interrupted") % request.uri));
             } catch (...) {
                 ignoreException();
             }
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ struct CurlDownloader : public Downloader
         {
             size_t realSize = size * nmemb;
             std::string line((char *) contents, realSize);
-            printMsg(lvlVomit, format("got header for '%s': %s") % request.uri % trim(line));
+            printMsg(lvlVomit, format("got header for ‘%s’: %s") % request.uri % trim(line));
             if (line.compare(0, 5, "HTTP/") == 0) { // new response starts
                 result.etag = "";
                 auto ss = tokenizeString<vector<string>>(line, " ");
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ struct CurlDownloader : public Downloader
         {
             // FIXME: handle parallel downloads.
             if (showProgress) {
-                std::cerr << (format("downloading '%1%'... ") % request.uri);
+                std::cerr << (format("downloading ‘%1%’... ") % request.uri);
                 std::cerr.flush();
                 startTime = getTime();
             }
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ struct CurlDownloader : public Downloader
             if (effectiveUrlCStr)
                 result.effectiveUrl = effectiveUrlCStr;
 
-            debug(format("finished download of '%s'; curl status = %d, HTTP status = %d, body = %d bytes")
+            debug(format("finished download of ‘%s’; curl status = %d, HTTP status = %d, body = %d bytes")
                 % request.uri % code % httpStatus % (result.data ? result.data->size() : 0));
 
             if (code == CURLE_WRITE_ERROR && result.etag == request.expectedETag) {
@@ -261,10 +261,10 @@ struct CurlDownloader : public Downloader
 
                 auto exc =
                     code == CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK && _isInterrupted
-                    ? DownloadError(Interrupted, format("download of '%s' was interrupted") % request.uri)
+                    ? DownloadError(Interrupted, format("download of ‘%s’ was interrupted") % request.uri)
                     : httpStatus != 0
-                      ? DownloadError(err, format("unable to download '%s': HTTP error %d") % request.uri % httpStatus)
-                      : DownloadError(err, format("unable to download '%s': %s (%d)") % request.uri % curl_easy_strerror(code) % code);
+                      ? DownloadError(err, format("unable to download ‘%s’: HTTP error %d") % request.uri % httpStatus)
+                      : DownloadError(err, format("unable to download ‘%s’: %s (%d)") % request.uri % curl_easy_strerror(code) % code);
 
                 /* If this is a transient error, then maybe retry the
                    download after a while. */
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ Path Downloader::downloadCached(ref<Store> store, const string & url_, bool unpa
                     if (effectiveUrl)
                         *effectiveUrl = url_;
                 } else if (!ss[1].empty()) {
-                    debug(format("verifying previous ETag '%1%'") % ss[1]);
+                    debug(format("verifying previous ETag ‘%1%’") % ss[1]);
                     expectedETag = ss[1];
                 }
             }
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ Path Downloader::downloadCached(ref<Store> store, const string & url_, bool unpa
                 unpackedStorePath = "";
         }
         if (unpackedStorePath.empty()) {
-            printInfo(format("unpacking '%1%'...") % url);
+            printInfo(format("unpacking ‘%1%’...") % url);
             Path tmpDir = createTempDir();
             AutoDelete autoDelete(tmpDir, true);
             // FIXME: this requires GNU tar for decompression.
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ Path Downloader::downloadCached(ref<Store> store, const string & url_, bool unpa
     }
 
     if (expectedStorePath != "" && storePath != expectedStorePath)
-        throw nix::Error(format("hash mismatch in file downloaded from '%s'") % url);
+        throw nix::Error(format("hash mismatch in file downloaded from ‘%s’") % url);
 
     return storePath;
 }

src/libstore/download.hh

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ struct Downloader
     DownloadResult download(const DownloadRequest & request);
 
     /* Check if the specified file is already in ~/.cache/nix/tarballs
-       and is more recent than 'tarball-ttl' seconds. Otherwise,
+       and is more recent than ‘tarball-ttl’ seconds. Otherwise,
        use the recorded ETag to verify if the server has a more
        recent version, and if so, download it to the Nix store. */
     Path downloadCached(ref<Store> store, const string & uri, bool unpack, string name = "",

src/libstore/export-import.cc

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ void Store::exportPaths(const Paths & paths, Sink & sink)
     logger->incExpected(doneLabel, sorted.size());
 
     for (auto & path : sorted) {
-        Activity act(*logger, lvlInfo, format("exporting path '%s'") % path);
+        Activity act(*logger, lvlInfo, format("exporting path ‘%s’") % path);
         sink << 1;
         exportPath(path, sink);
         logger->incProgress(doneLabel);
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ void Store::exportPath(const Path & path, Sink & sink)
        Don't complain if the stored hash is zero (unknown). */
     Hash hash = hashAndWriteSink.currentHash();
     if (hash != info->narHash && info->narHash != Hash(info->narHash.type))
-        throw Error(format("hash of path '%1%' has changed from '%2%' to '%3%'!") % path
+        throw Error(format("hash of path ‘%1%’ has changed from ‘%2%’ to ‘%3%’!") % path
             % printHash(info->narHash) % printHash(hash));
 
     hashAndWriteSink << exportMagic << path << info->references << info->deriver << 0;
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Paths Store::importPaths(Source & source, std::shared_ptr<FSAccessor> accessor,
     while (true) {
         unsigned long long n = readLongLong(source);
         if (n == 0) break;
-        if (n != 1) throw Error("input doesn't look like something created by 'nix-store --export'");
+        if (n != 1) throw Error("input doesn't look like something created by ‘nix-store --export’");
 
         /* Extract the NAR from the source. */
         TeeSource tee(source);
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ Paths Store::importPaths(Source & source, std::shared_ptr<FSAccessor> accessor,
 
         info.path = readStorePath(*this, source);
 
-        Activity act(*logger, lvlInfo, format("importing path '%s'") % info.path);
+        Activity act(*logger, lvlInfo, format("importing path ‘%s’") % info.path);
 
         info.references = readStorePaths<PathSet>(*this, source);
 

src/libstore/gc.cc

@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ int LocalStore::openGCLock(LockType lockType)
     Path fnGCLock = (format("%1%/%2%")
         % stateDir % gcLockName).str();
 
-    debug(format("acquiring global GC lock '%1%'") % fnGCLock);
+    debug(format("acquiring global GC lock ‘%1%’") % fnGCLock);
 
     AutoCloseFD fdGCLock = open(fnGCLock.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_CLOEXEC, 0600);
     if (!fdGCLock)
-        throw SysError(format("opening global GC lock '%1%'") % fnGCLock);
+        throw SysError(format("opening global GC lock ‘%1%’") % fnGCLock);
 
     if (!lockFile(fdGCLock.get(), lockType, false)) {
         printError(format("waiting for the big garbage collector lock..."));
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ static void makeSymlink(const Path & link, const Path & target)
 
     /* Atomically replace the old one. */
     if (rename(tempLink.c_str(), link.c_str()) == -1)
-        throw SysError(format("cannot rename '%1%' to '%2%'")
+        throw SysError(format("cannot rename ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’")
             % tempLink % link);
 }
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ Path LocalFSStore::addPermRoot(const Path & _storePath,
         /* Don't clobber the link if it already exists and doesn't
            point to the Nix store. */
         if (pathExists(gcRoot) && (!isLink(gcRoot) || !isInStore(readLink(gcRoot))))
-            throw Error(format("cannot create symlink '%1%'; already exists") % gcRoot);
+            throw Error(format("cannot create symlink ‘%1%’; already exists") % gcRoot);
         makeSymlink(gcRoot, storePath);
         addIndirectRoot(gcRoot);
     }
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ Path LocalFSStore::addPermRoot(const Path & _storePath,
 
             if (string(gcRoot, 0, rootsDir.size() + 1) != rootsDir + "/")
                 throw Error(format(
-                    "path '%1%' is not a valid garbage collector root; "
-                    "it's not in the directory '%2%'")
+                    "path ‘%1%’ is not a valid garbage collector root; "
+                    "it's not in the directory ‘%2%’")
                     % gcRoot % rootsDir);
         }
 
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ Path LocalFSStore::addPermRoot(const Path & _storePath,
         if (roots.find(gcRoot) == roots.end())
             printError(
                 format(
-                    "warning: '%1%' is not in a directory where the garbage collector looks for roots; "
-                    "therefore, '%2%' might be removed by the garbage collector")
+                    "warning: ‘%1%’ is not in a directory where the garbage collector looks for roots; "
+                    "therefore, ‘%2%’ might be removed by the garbage collector")
                 % gcRoot % storePath);
     }
 
@@ -169,14 +169,14 @@ void LocalStore::addTempRoot(const Path & path)
 
             fdGCLock = -1;
 
-            debug(format("acquiring read lock on '%1%'") % state->fnTempRoots);
+            debug(format("acquiring read lock on ‘%1%’") % state->fnTempRoots);
             lockFile(state->fdTempRoots.get(), ltRead, true);
 
             /* Check whether the garbage collector didn't get in our
                way. */
             struct stat st;
             if (fstat(state->fdTempRoots.get(), &st) == -1)
-                throw SysError(format("statting '%1%'") % state->fnTempRoots);
+                throw SysError(format("statting ‘%1%’") % state->fnTempRoots);
             if (st.st_size == 0) break;
 
             /* The garbage collector deleted this file before we could
@@ -188,14 +188,14 @@ void LocalStore::addTempRoot(const Path & path)
 
     /* Upgrade the lock to a write lock.  This will cause us to block
        if the garbage collector is holding our lock. */
-    debug(format("acquiring write lock on '%1%'") % state->fnTempRoots);
+    debug(format("acquiring write lock on ‘%1%’") % state->fnTempRoots);
     lockFile(state->fdTempRoots.get(), ltWrite, true);
 
     string s = path + '\0';
     writeFull(state->fdTempRoots.get(), s);
 
     /* Downgrade to a read lock. */
-    debug(format("downgrading to read lock on '%1%'") % state->fnTempRoots);
+    debug(format("downgrading to read lock on ‘%1%’") % state->fnTempRoots);
     lockFile(state->fdTempRoots.get(), ltRead, true);
 }
 
@@ -210,12 +210,12 @@ void LocalStore::readTempRoots(PathSet & tempRoots, FDs & fds)
     for (auto & i : tempRootFiles) {
         Path path = (format("%1%/%2%/%3%") % stateDir % tempRootsDir % i.name).str();
 
-        debug(format("reading temporary root file '%1%'") % path);
+        debug(format("reading temporary root file ‘%1%’") % path);
         FDPtr fd(new AutoCloseFD(open(path.c_str(), O_CLOEXEC | O_RDWR, 0666)));
         if (!*fd) {
             /* It's okay if the file has disappeared. */
             if (errno == ENOENT) continue;
-            throw SysError(format("opening temporary roots file '%1%'") % path);
+            throw SysError(format("opening temporary roots file ‘%1%’") % path);
         }
 
         /* This should work, but doesn't, for some reason. */
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ void LocalStore::readTempRoots(PathSet & tempRoots, FDs & fds)
            only succeed if the owning process has died.  In that case
            we don't care about its temporary roots. */
         if (lockFile(fd->get(), ltWrite, false)) {
-            printError(format("removing stale temporary roots file '%1%'") % path);
+            printError(format("removing stale temporary roots file ‘%1%’") % path);
             unlink(path.c_str());
             writeFull(fd->get(), "d");
             continue;
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ void LocalStore::readTempRoots(PathSet & tempRoots, FDs & fds)
         /* Acquire a read lock.  This will prevent the owning process
            from upgrading to a write lock, therefore it will block in
            addTempRoot(). */
-        debug(format("waiting for read lock on '%1%'") % path);
+        debug(format("waiting for read lock on ‘%1%’") % path);
         lockFile(fd->get(), ltRead, true);
 
         /* Read the entire file. */
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ void LocalStore::readTempRoots(PathSet & tempRoots, FDs & fds)
 
         while ((end = contents.find((char) 0, pos)) != string::npos) {
             Path root(contents, pos, end - pos);
-            debug(format("got temporary root '%1%'") % root);
+            debug(format("got temporary root ‘%1%’") % root);
             assertStorePath(root);
             tempRoots.insert(root);
             pos = end + 1;
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ void LocalStore::findRoots(const Path & path, unsigned char type, Roots & roots)
         if (isStorePath(storePath) && isValidPath(storePath))
             roots[path] = storePath;
         else
-            printInfo(format("skipping invalid root from '%1%' to '%2%'") % path % storePath);
+            printInfo(format("skipping invalid root from ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’") % path % storePath);
     };
 
     try {
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ void LocalStore::findRoots(const Path & path, unsigned char type, Roots & roots)
                 target = absPath(target, dirOf(path));
                 if (!pathExists(target)) {
                     if (isInDir(path, stateDir + "/" + gcRootsDir + "/auto")) {
-                        printInfo(format("removing stale link from '%1%' to '%2%'") % path % target);
+                        printInfo(format("removing stale link from ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’") % path % target);
                         unlink(path.c_str());
                     }
                 } else {
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ void LocalStore::findRoots(const Path & path, unsigned char type, Roots & roots)
     catch (SysError & e) {
         /* We only ignore permanent failures. */
         if (e.errNo == EACCES || e.errNo == ENOENT || e.errNo == ENOTDIR)
-            printInfo(format("cannot read potential root '%1%'") % path);
+            printInfo(format("cannot read potential root ‘%1%’") % path);
         else
             throw;
     }
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ void LocalStore::findRuntimeRoots(PathSet & roots)
         if (isInStore(i)) {
             Path path = toStorePath(i);
             if (roots.find(path) == roots.end() && isStorePath(path) && isValidPath(path)) {
-                debug(format("got additional root '%1%'") % path);
+                debug(format("got additional root ‘%1%’") % path);
                 roots.insert(path);
             }
         }
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ void LocalStore::deletePathRecursive(GCState & state, const Path & path)
         throw SysError(format("getting status of %1%") % realPath);
     }
 
-    printInfo(format("deleting '%1%'") % path);
+    printInfo(format("deleting ‘%1%’") % path);
 
     state.results.paths.insert(path);
 
@@ -528,14 +528,14 @@ void LocalStore::deletePathRecursive(GCState & state, const Path & path)
         // size.
         try {
             if (chmod(realPath.c_str(), st.st_mode | S_IWUSR) == -1)
-                throw SysError(format("making '%1%' writable") % realPath);
+                throw SysError(format("making ‘%1%’ writable") % realPath);
             Path tmp = trashDir + "/" + baseNameOf(path);
             if (rename(realPath.c_str(), tmp.c_str()))
-                throw SysError(format("unable to rename '%1%' to '%2%'") % realPath % tmp);
+                throw SysError(format("unable to rename ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’") % realPath % tmp);
             state.bytesInvalidated += size;
         } catch (SysError & e) {
             if (e.errNo == ENOSPC) {
-                printInfo(format("note: can't create move '%1%': %2%") % realPath % e.msg());
+                printInfo(format("note: can't create move ‘%1%’: %2%") % realPath % e.msg());
                 deleteGarbage(state, realPath);
             }
         }
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ bool LocalStore::canReachRoot(GCState & state, PathSet & visited, const Path & p
     }
 
     if (state.roots.find(path) != state.roots.end()) {
-        debug(format("cannot delete '%1%' because it's a root") % path);
+        debug(format("cannot delete ‘%1%’ because it's a root") % path);
         state.alive.insert(path);
         return true;
     }
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ void LocalStore::tryToDelete(GCState & state, const Path & path)
     auto realPath = realStoreDir + "/" + baseNameOf(path);
     if (realPath == linksDir || realPath == trashDir) return;
 
-    Activity act(*logger, lvlDebug, format("considering whether to delete '%1%'") % path);
+    Activity act(*logger, lvlDebug, format("considering whether to delete ‘%1%’") % path);
 
     if (!isStorePath(path) || !isValidPath(path)) {
         /* A lock file belonging to a path that we're building right
@@ -626,11 +626,11 @@ void LocalStore::tryToDelete(GCState & state, const Path & path)
     PathSet visited;
 
     if (canReachRoot(state, visited, path)) {
-        debug(format("cannot delete '%1%' because it's still reachable") % path);
+        debug(format("cannot delete ‘%1%’ because it's still reachable") % path);
     } else {
         /* No path we visited was a root, so everything is garbage.
-           But we only delete 'path' and its referrers here so that
-           'nix-store --delete' doesn't have the unexpected effect of
+           But we only delete ‘path’ and its referrers here so that
+           ‘nix-store --delete’ doesn't have the unexpected effect of
            recursing into derivations and outputs. */
         state.dead.insert(visited.begin(), visited.end());
         if (state.shouldDelete)
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ void LocalStore::tryToDelete(GCState & state, const Path & path)
 void LocalStore::removeUnusedLinks(const GCState & state)
 {
     AutoCloseDir dir = opendir(linksDir.c_str());
-    if (!dir) throw SysError(format("opening directory '%1%'") % linksDir);
+    if (!dir) throw SysError(format("opening directory ‘%1%’") % linksDir);
 
     long long actualSize = 0, unsharedSize = 0;
 
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ void LocalStore::removeUnusedLinks(const GCState & state)
 
         struct stat st;
         if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st) == -1)
-            throw SysError(format("statting '%1%'") % path);
+            throw SysError(format("statting ‘%1%’") % path);
 
         if (st.st_nlink != 1) {
             unsigned long long size = st.st_blocks * 512ULL;
@@ -669,17 +669,17 @@ void LocalStore::removeUnusedLinks(const GCState & state)
             continue;
         }
 
-        printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("deleting unused link '%1%'") % path);
+        printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("deleting unused link ‘%1%’") % path);
 
         if (unlink(path.c_str()) == -1)
-            throw SysError(format("deleting '%1%'") % path);
+            throw SysError(format("deleting ‘%1%’") % path);
 
         state.results.bytesFreed += st.st_blocks * 512;
     }
 
     struct stat st;
     if (stat(linksDir.c_str(), &st) == -1)
-        throw SysError(format("statting '%1%'") % linksDir);
+        throw SysError(format("statting ‘%1%’") % linksDir);
     long long overhead = st.st_blocks * 512ULL;
 
     printInfo(format("note: currently hard linking saves %.2f MiB")
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ void LocalStore::collectGarbage(const GCOptions & options, GCResults & results)
             assertStorePath(i);
             tryToDelete(state, i);
             if (state.dead.find(i) == state.dead.end())
-                throw Error(format("cannot delete path '%1%' since it is still alive") % i);
+                throw Error(format("cannot delete path ‘%1%’ since it is still alive") % i);
         }
 
     } else if (options.maxFreed > 0) {
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ void LocalStore::collectGarbage(const GCOptions & options, GCResults & results)
         try {
 
             AutoCloseDir dir = opendir(realStoreDir.c_str());
-            if (!dir) throw SysError(format("opening directory '%1%'") % realStoreDir);
+            if (!dir) throw SysError(format("opening directory ‘%1%’") % realStoreDir);
 
             /* Read the store and immediately delete all paths that
                aren't valid.  When using --max-freed etc., deleting
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ void LocalStore::collectGarbage(const GCOptions & options, GCResults & results)
     fds.clear();
 
     /* Delete the trash directory. */
-    printInfo(format("deleting '%1%'") % trashDir);
+    printInfo(format("deleting ‘%1%’") % trashDir);
     deleteGarbage(state, trashDir);
 
     /* Clean up the links directory. */

src/libstore/globals.cc

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ void Settings::loadConfFile()
         if (tokens.empty()) continue;
 
         if (tokens.size() < 2 || tokens[1] != "=")
-            throw Error(format("illegal configuration line '%1%' in '%2%'") % line % settingsFile);
+            throw Error(format("illegal configuration line ‘%1%’ in ‘%2%’") % line % settingsFile);
 
         string name = tokens[0];
 
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ void Settings::_get(bool & res, const string & name)
     if (i == settings.end()) return;
     if (i->second == "true") res = true;
     else if (i->second == "false") res = false;
-    else throw Error(format("configuration option '%1%' should be either 'true' or 'false', not '%2%'")
+    else throw Error(format("configuration option ‘%1%’ should be either ‘true’ or ‘false’, not ‘%2%’")
         % name % i->second);
 }
 
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ template<class N> void Settings::_get(N & res, const string & name)
     SettingsMap::iterator i = settings.find(name);
     if (i == settings.end()) return;
     if (!string2Int(i->second, res))
-        throw Error(format("configuration setting '%1%' should have an integer value") % name);
+        throw Error(format("configuration setting ‘%1%’ should have an integer value") % name);
 }
 
 

src/libstore/http-binary-cache-store.cc

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ public:
             try {
                 BinaryCacheStore::init();
             } catch (UploadToHTTP &) {
-                throw Error(format("'%s' does not appear to be a binary cache") % cacheUri);
+                throw Error(format("‘%s’ does not appear to be a binary cache") % cacheUri);
             }
             diskCache->createCache(cacheUri, storeDir, wantMassQuery_, priority);
         }

src/libstore/local-binary-cache-store.cc

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ static void atomicWrite(const Path & path, const std::string & s)
     AutoDelete del(tmp, false);
     writeFile(tmp, s);
     if (rename(tmp.c_str(), path.c_str()))
-        throw SysError(format("renaming '%1%' to '%2%'") % tmp % path);
+        throw SysError(format("renaming ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’") % tmp % path);
     del.cancel();
 }
 

src/libstore/local-fs-store.cc

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ struct LocalStoreAccessor : public FSAccessor
     {
         Path storePath = store->toStorePath(path);
         if (!store->isValidPath(storePath))
-            throw InvalidPath(format("path '%1%' is not a valid store path") % storePath);
+            throw InvalidPath(format("path ‘%1%’ is not a valid store path") % storePath);
         return store->getRealStoreDir() + std::string(path, store->storeDir.size());
     }
 
@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ struct LocalStoreAccessor : public FSAccessor
         struct stat st;
         if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st)) {
             if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR) return {Type::tMissing, 0, false};
-            throw SysError(format("getting status of '%1%'") % path);
+            throw SysError(format("getting status of ‘%1%’") % path);
         }
 
         if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
-            throw Error(format("file '%1%' has unsupported type") % path);
+            throw Error(format("file ‘%1%’ has unsupported type") % path);
 
         return {
             S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? Type::tRegular :
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ ref<FSAccessor> LocalFSStore::getFSAccessor()
 void LocalFSStore::narFromPath(const Path & path, Sink & sink)
 {
     if (!isValidPath(path))
-        throw Error(format("path '%s' is not valid") % path);
+        throw Error(format("path ‘%s’ is not valid") % path);
     dumpPath(getRealStoreDir() + std::string(path, storeDir.size()), sink);
 }
 

src/libstore/local-store.cc

@@ -71,24 +71,24 @@ LocalStore::LocalStore(const Params & params)
         Path perUserDir = profilesDir + "/per-user";
         createDirs(perUserDir);
         if (chmod(perUserDir.c_str(), 01777) == -1)
-            throw SysError(format("could not set permissions on '%1%' to 1777") % perUserDir);
+            throw SysError(format("could not set permissions on ‘%1%’ to 1777") % perUserDir);
 
         mode_t perm = 01775;
 
         struct group * gr = getgrnam(settings.buildUsersGroup.c_str());
         if (!gr)
-            printError(format("warning: the group '%1%' specified in 'build-users-group' does not exist")
+            printError(format("warning: the group ‘%1%’ specified in ‘build-users-group’ does not exist")
                 % settings.buildUsersGroup);
         else {
             struct stat st;
             if (stat(realStoreDir.c_str(), &st))
-                throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path '%1%'") % realStoreDir);
+                throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path ‘%1%’") % realStoreDir);
 
             if (st.st_uid != 0 || st.st_gid != gr->gr_gid || (st.st_mode & ~S_IFMT) != perm) {
                 if (chown(realStoreDir.c_str(), 0, gr->gr_gid) == -1)
-                    throw SysError(format("changing ownership of path '%1%'") % realStoreDir);
+                    throw SysError(format("changing ownership of path ‘%1%’") % realStoreDir);
                 if (chmod(realStoreDir.c_str(), perm) == -1)
-                    throw SysError(format("changing permissions on path '%1%'") % realStoreDir);
+                    throw SysError(format("changing permissions on path ‘%1%’") % realStoreDir);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -99,10 +99,10 @@ LocalStore::LocalStore(const Params & params)
         struct stat st;
         while (path != "/") {
             if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
-                throw SysError(format("getting status of '%1%'") % path);
+                throw SysError(format("getting status of ‘%1%’") % path);
             if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
                 throw Error(format(
-                        "the path '%1%' is a symlink; "
+                        "the path ‘%1%’ is a symlink; "
                         "this is not allowed for the Nix store and its parent directories")
                     % path);
             path = dirOf(path);
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ int LocalStore::getSchema()
     if (pathExists(schemaPath)) {
         string s = readFile(schemaPath);
         if (!string2Int(s, curSchema))
-            throw Error(format("'%1%' is corrupt") % schemaPath);
+            throw Error(format("‘%1%’ is corrupt") % schemaPath);
     }
     return curSchema;
 }
@@ -271,14 +271,14 @@ int LocalStore::getSchema()
 void LocalStore::openDB(State & state, bool create)
 {
     if (access(dbDir.c_str(), R_OK | W_OK))
-        throw SysError(format("Nix database directory '%1%' is not writable") % dbDir);
+        throw SysError(format("Nix database directory ‘%1%’ is not writable") % dbDir);
 
     /* Open the Nix database. */
     string dbPath = dbDir + "/db.sqlite";
     auto & db(state.db);
     if (sqlite3_open_v2(dbPath.c_str(), &db.db,
             SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | (create ? SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE : 0), 0) != SQLITE_OK)
-        throw Error(format("cannot open Nix database '%1%'") % dbPath);
+        throw Error(format("cannot open Nix database ‘%1%’") % dbPath);
 
     if (sqlite3_busy_timeout(db, 60 * 60 * 1000) != SQLITE_OK)
         throwSQLiteError(db, "setting timeout");
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ static void canonicaliseTimestampAndPermissions(const Path & path, const struct
                  | 0444
                  | (st.st_mode & S_IXUSR ? 0111 : 0);
             if (chmod(path.c_str(), mode) == -1)
-                throw SysError(format("changing mode of '%1%' to %2$o") % path % mode);
+                throw SysError(format("changing mode of ‘%1%’ to %2$o") % path % mode);
         }
 
     }
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ static void canonicaliseTimestampAndPermissions(const Path & path, const struct
 #else
         if (!S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) && utimes(path.c_str(), times) == -1)
 #endif
-            throw SysError(format("changing modification time of '%1%'") % path);
+            throw SysError(format("changing modification time of ‘%1%’") % path);
     }
 }
 
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ void canonicaliseTimestampAndPermissions(const Path & path)
 {
     struct stat st;
     if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
-        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path ‘%1%’") % path);
     canonicaliseTimestampAndPermissions(path, st);
 }
 
@@ -401,11 +401,11 @@ static void canonicalisePathMetaData_(const Path & path, uid_t fromUid, InodesSe
 
     struct stat st;
     if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
-        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path ‘%1%’") % path);
 
     /* Really make sure that the path is of a supported type. */
     if (!(S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) || S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)))
-        throw Error(format("file '%1%' has an unsupported type") % path);
+        throw Error(format("file ‘%1%’ has an unsupported type") % path);
 
     /* Fail if the file is not owned by the build user.  This prevents
        us from messing up the ownership/permissions of files
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ static void canonicalisePathMetaData_(const Path & path, uid_t fromUid, InodesSe
     if (fromUid != (uid_t) -1 && st.st_uid != fromUid) {
         assert(!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode));
         if (inodesSeen.find(Inode(st.st_dev, st.st_ino)) == inodesSeen.end())
-            throw BuildError(format("invalid ownership on file '%1%'") % path);
+            throw BuildError(format("invalid ownership on file ‘%1%’") % path);
         mode_t mode = st.st_mode & ~S_IFMT;
         assert(S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) || (st.st_uid == geteuid() && (mode == 0444 || mode == 0555) && st.st_mtime == mtimeStore));
         return;
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ static void canonicalisePathMetaData_(const Path & path, uid_t fromUid, InodesSe
         if (!S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) &&
             chown(path.c_str(), geteuid(), getegid()) == -1)
 #endif
-            throw SysError(format("changing owner of '%1%' to %2%")
+            throw SysError(format("changing owner of ‘%1%’ to %2%")
                 % path % geteuid());
     }
 
@@ -460,11 +460,11 @@ void canonicalisePathMetaData(const Path & path, uid_t fromUid, InodesSeen & ino
        be a symlink, since we can't change its ownership. */
     struct stat st;
     if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
-        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path ‘%1%’") % path);
 
     if (st.st_uid != geteuid()) {
         assert(S_ISLNK(st.st_mode));
-        throw Error(format("wrong ownership of top-level store path '%1%'") % path);
+        throw Error(format("wrong ownership of top-level store path ‘%1%’") % path);
     }
 }
 
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ void LocalStore::checkDerivationOutputs(const Path & drvPath, const Derivation &
     if (drv.isFixedOutput()) {
         DerivationOutputs::const_iterator out = drv.outputs.find("out");
         if (out == drv.outputs.end())
-            throw Error(format("derivation '%1%' does not have an output named 'out'") % drvPath);
+            throw Error(format("derivation ‘%1%’ does not have an output named ‘out’") % drvPath);
 
         bool recursive; Hash h;
         out->second.parseHashInfo(recursive, h);
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ void LocalStore::checkDerivationOutputs(const Path & drvPath, const Derivation &
 
         StringPairs::const_iterator j = drv.env.find("out");
         if (out->second.path != outPath || j == drv.env.end() || j->second != outPath)
-            throw Error(format("derivation '%1%' has incorrect output '%2%', should be '%3%'")
+            throw Error(format("derivation ‘%1%’ has incorrect output ‘%2%’, should be ‘%3%’")
                 % drvPath % out->second.path % outPath);
     }
 
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ void LocalStore::checkDerivationOutputs(const Path & drvPath, const Derivation &
             Path outPath = makeOutputPath(i.first, h, drvName);
             StringPairs::const_iterator j = drv.env.find(i.first);
             if (i.second.path != outPath || j == drv.env.end() || j->second != outPath)
-                throw Error(format("derivation '%1%' has incorrect output '%2%', should be '%3%'")
+                throw Error(format("derivation ‘%1%’ has incorrect output ‘%2%’, should be ‘%3%’")
                     % drvPath % i.second.path % outPath);
         }
     }
@@ -568,11 +568,11 @@ Hash parseHashField(const Path & path, const string & s)
 {
     string::size_type colon = s.find(':');
     if (colon == string::npos)
-        throw Error(format("corrupt hash '%1%' in valid-path entry for '%2%'")
+        throw Error(format("corrupt hash ‘%1%’ in valid-path entry for ‘%2%’")
             % s % path);
     HashType ht = parseHashType(string(s, 0, colon));
     if (ht == htUnknown)
-        throw Error(format("unknown hash type '%1%' in valid-path entry for '%2%'")
+        throw Error(format("unknown hash type ‘%1%’ in valid-path entry for ‘%2%’")
             % string(s, 0, colon) % path);
     return parseHash(ht, string(s, colon + 1));
 }
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ uint64_t LocalStore::queryValidPathId(State & state, const Path & path)
 {
     auto use(state.stmtQueryPathInfo.use()(path));
     if (!use.next())
-        throw Error(format("path '%1%' is not valid") % path);
+        throw Error(format("path ‘%1%’ is not valid") % path);
     return use.getInt(0);
 }
 
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ void LocalStore::querySubstitutablePathInfos(const PathSet & paths,
         if (sub->storeDir != storeDir) continue;
         for (auto & path : paths) {
             if (infos.count(path)) continue;
-            debug(format("checking substituter '%s' for path '%s'")
+            debug(format("checking substituter ‘%s’ for path ‘%s’")
                 % sub->getUri() % path);
             try {
                 auto info = sub->queryPathInfo(path);
@@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ void LocalStore::registerValidPaths(const ValidPathInfos & infos)
    there are no referrers. */
 void LocalStore::invalidatePath(State & state, const Path & path)
 {
-    debug(format("invalidating path '%1%'") % path);
+    debug(format("invalidating path ‘%1%’") % path);
 
     state.stmtInvalidatePath.use()(path).exec();
 
@@ -915,11 +915,11 @@ void LocalStore::addToStore(const ValidPathInfo & info, const ref<std::string> &
 {
     Hash h = hashString(htSHA256, *nar);
     if (h != info.narHash)
-        throw Error(format("hash mismatch importing path '%s'; expected hash '%s', got '%s'") %
+        throw Error(format("hash mismatch importing path ‘%s’; expected hash ‘%s’, got ‘%s’") %
             info.path % info.narHash.to_string() % h.to_string());
 
     if (requireSigs && !dontCheckSigs && !info.checkSignatures(*this, publicKeys))
-        throw Error(format("cannot import path '%s' because it lacks a valid signature") % info.path);
+        throw Error(format("cannot import path ‘%s’ because it lacks a valid signature") % info.path);
 
     addTempRoot(info.path);
 
@@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ void LocalStore::invalidatePathChecked(const Path & path)
             PathSet referrers; queryReferrers(*state, path, referrers);
             referrers.erase(path); /* ignore self-references */
             if (!referrers.empty())
-                throw PathInUse(format("cannot delete path '%1%' because it is in use by %2%")
+                throw PathInUse(format("cannot delete path ‘%1%’ because it is in use by %2%")
                     % path % showPaths(referrers));
             invalidatePath(*state, path);
         }
@@ -1151,12 +1151,12 @@ bool LocalStore::verifyStore(bool checkContents, bool repair)
                 auto info = std::const_pointer_cast<ValidPathInfo>(std::shared_ptr<const ValidPathInfo>(queryPathInfo(i)));
 
                 /* Check the content hash (optionally - slow). */
-                printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("checking contents of '%1%'") % i);
+                printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("checking contents of ‘%1%’") % i);
                 HashResult current = hashPath(info->narHash.type, i);
 
                 if (info->narHash != nullHash && info->narHash != current.first) {
-                    printError(format("path '%1%' was modified! "
-                            "expected hash '%2%', got '%3%'")
+                    printError(format("path ‘%1%’ was modified! "
+                            "expected hash ‘%2%’, got ‘%3%’")
                         % i % printHash(info->narHash) % printHash(current.first));
                     if (repair) repairPath(i); else errors = true;
                 } else {
@@ -1165,14 +1165,14 @@ bool LocalStore::verifyStore(bool checkContents, bool repair)
 
                     /* Fill in missing hashes. */
                     if (info->narHash == nullHash) {
-                        printError(format("fixing missing hash on '%1%'") % i);
+                        printError(format("fixing missing hash on ‘%1%’") % i);
                         info->narHash = current.first;
                         update = true;
                     }
 
                     /* Fill in missing narSize fields (from old stores). */
                     if (info->narSize == 0) {
-                        printError(format("updating size field on '%1%' to %2%") % i % current.second);
+                        printError(format("updating size field on ‘%1%’ to %2%") % i % current.second);
                         info->narSize = current.second;
                         update = true;
                     }
@@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@ void LocalStore::verifyPath(const Path & path, const PathSet & store,
     done.insert(path);
 
     if (!isStorePath(path)) {
-        printError(format("path '%1%' is not in the Nix store") % path);
+        printError(format("path ‘%1%’ is not in the Nix store") % path);
         auto state(_state.lock());
         invalidatePath(*state, path);
         return;
@@ -1228,11 +1228,11 @@ void LocalStore::verifyPath(const Path & path, const PathSet & store,
             }
 
         if (canInvalidate) {
-            printError(format("path '%1%' disappeared, removing from database...") % path);
+            printError(format("path ‘%1%’ disappeared, removing from database...") % path);
             auto state(_state.lock());
             invalidatePath(*state, path);
         } else {
-            printError(format("path '%1%' disappeared, but it still has valid referrers!") % path);
+            printError(format("path ‘%1%’ disappeared, but it still has valid referrers!") % path);
             if (repair)
                 try {
                     repairPath(path);
@@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@ static void makeMutable(const Path & path)
     AutoCloseFD fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC);
     if (fd == -1) {
         if (errno == ELOOP) return; // it's a symlink
-        throw SysError(format("opening file '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("opening file ‘%1%’") % path);
     }
 
     unsigned int flags = 0, old;

src/libstore/local-store.hh

@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ private:
     void queryReferrers(State & state, const Path & path, PathSet & referrers);
 
     /* Add signatures to a ValidPathInfo using the secret keys
-       specified by the 'secret-key-files' option. */
+       specified by the ‘secret-key-files’ option. */
     void signPathInfo(ValidPathInfo & info);
 
     Path getRealStoreDir() override { return realStoreDir; }

src/libstore/misc.cc

@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ Paths Store::topoSortPaths(const PathSet & paths)
 
     dfsVisit = [&](const Path & path, const Path * parent) {
         if (parents.find(path) != parents.end())
-            throw BuildError(format("cycle detected in the references of '%1%' from '%2%'") % path % *parent);
+            throw BuildError(format("cycle detected in the references of ‘%1%’ from ‘%2%’") % path % *parent);
 
         if (visited.find(path) != visited.end()) return;
         visited.insert(path);

src/libstore/nar-accessor.cc

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ struct NarIndexer : ParseSink, StringSource
     {
         auto i = members.find(path);
         if (i == members.end())
-            throw Error(format("NAR file does not contain path '%1%'") % path);
+            throw Error(format("NAR file does not contain path ‘%1%’") % path);
         return i;
     }
 };
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ struct NarAccessor : public FSAccessor
         auto i = indexer.find(path);
 
         if (i->second.type != FSAccessor::Type::tDirectory)
-            throw Error(format("path '%1%' inside NAR file is not a directory") % path);
+            throw Error(format("path ‘%1%’ inside NAR file is not a directory") % path);
 
         ++i;
         StringSet res;
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ struct NarAccessor : public FSAccessor
     {
         auto i = indexer.find(path);
         if (i->second.type != FSAccessor::Type::tRegular)
-            throw Error(format("path '%1%' inside NAR file is not a regular file") % path);
+            throw Error(format("path ‘%1%’ inside NAR file is not a regular file") % path);
         return std::string(*nar, i->second.start, i->second.size);
     }
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ struct NarAccessor : public FSAccessor
     {
         auto i = indexer.find(path);
         if (i->second.type != FSAccessor::Type::tSymlink)
-            throw Error(format("path '%1%' inside NAR file is not a symlink") % path);
+            throw Error(format("path ‘%1%’ inside NAR file is not a symlink") % path);
         return i->second.target;
     }
 };

src/libstore/nar-info.cc

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace nix {
 NarInfo::NarInfo(const Store & store, const std::string & s, const std::string & whence)
 {
     auto corrupt = [&]() {
-        throw Error(format("NAR info file '%1%' is corrupt") % whence);
+        throw Error(format("NAR info file ‘%1%’ is corrupt") % whence);
     };
 
     auto parseHashField = [&](const string & s) {

src/libstore/optimise-store.cc

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ static void makeWritable(const Path & path)
 {
     struct stat st;
     if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
-        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path ‘%1%’") % path);
     if (chmod(path.c_str(), st.st_mode | S_IWUSR) == -1)
-        throw SysError(format("changing writability of '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("changing writability of ‘%1%’") % path);
 }
 
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ LocalStore::InodeHash LocalStore::loadInodeHash()
     InodeHash inodeHash;
 
     AutoCloseDir dir = opendir(linksDir.c_str());
-    if (!dir) throw SysError(format("opening directory '%1%'") % linksDir);
+    if (!dir) throw SysError(format("opening directory ‘%1%’") % linksDir);
 
     struct dirent * dirent;
     while (errno = 0, dirent = readdir(dir)) { /* sic */
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ LocalStore::InodeHash LocalStore::loadInodeHash()
         // We don't care if we hit non-hash files, anything goes
         inodeHash.insert(dirent->d_ino);
     }
-    if (errno) throw SysError(format("reading directory '%1%'") % linksDir);
+    if (errno) throw SysError(format("reading directory ‘%1%’") % linksDir);
 
     printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("loaded %1% hash inodes") % inodeHash.size());
 
@@ -69,14 +69,14 @@ Strings LocalStore::readDirectoryIgnoringInodes(const Path & path, const InodeHa
     Strings names;
 
     AutoCloseDir dir = opendir(path.c_str());
-    if (!dir) throw SysError(format("opening directory '%1%'") % path);
+    if (!dir) throw SysError(format("opening directory ‘%1%’") % path);
 
     struct dirent * dirent;
     while (errno = 0, dirent = readdir(dir)) { /* sic */
         checkInterrupt();
 
         if (inodeHash.count(dirent->d_ino)) {
-            debug(format("'%1%' is already linked") % dirent->d_name);
+            debug(format("‘%1%’ is already linked") % dirent->d_name);
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Strings LocalStore::readDirectoryIgnoringInodes(const Path & path, const InodeHa
         if (name == "." || name == "..") continue;
         names.push_back(name);
     }
-    if (errno) throw SysError(format("reading directory '%1%'") % path);
+    if (errno) throw SysError(format("reading directory ‘%1%’") % path);
 
     return names;
 }
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ void LocalStore::optimisePath_(OptimiseStats & stats, const Path & path, InodeHa
 
     struct stat st;
     if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
-        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path ‘%1%’") % path);
 
     if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
         Strings names = readDirectoryIgnoringInodes(path, inodeHash);
@@ -117,13 +117,13 @@ void LocalStore::optimisePath_(OptimiseStats & stats, const Path & path, InodeHa
        NixOS (example: $fontconfig/var/cache being modified).  Skip
        those files.  FIXME: check the modification time. */
     if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && (st.st_mode & S_IWUSR)) {
-        printError(format("skipping suspicious writable file '%1%'") % path);
+        printError(format("skipping suspicious writable file ‘%1%’") % path);
         return;
     }
 
     /* This can still happen on top-level files. */
     if (st.st_nlink > 1 && inodeHash.count(st.st_ino)) {
-        debug(format("'%1%' is already linked, with %2% other file(s)") % path % (st.st_nlink - 2));
+        debug(format("‘%1%’ is already linked, with %2% other file(s)") % path % (st.st_nlink - 2));
         return;
     }
 
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ void LocalStore::optimisePath_(OptimiseStats & stats, const Path & path, InodeHa
        contents of the symlink (i.e. the result of readlink()), not
        the contents of the target (which may not even exist). */
     Hash hash = hashPath(htSHA256, path).first;
-    debug(format("'%1%' has hash '%2%'") % path % printHash(hash));
+    debug(format("‘%1%’ has hash ‘%2%’") % path % printHash(hash));
 
     /* Check if this is a known hash. */
     Path linkPath = linksDir + "/" + printHash32(hash);
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ void LocalStore::optimisePath_(OptimiseStats & stats, const Path & path, InodeHa
 
         switch (errno) {
         case EEXIST:
-            /* Fall through if another process created 'linkPath' before
+            /* Fall through if another process created ‘linkPath’ before
                we did. */
             break;
 
@@ -161,11 +161,11 @@ void LocalStore::optimisePath_(OptimiseStats & stats, const Path & path, InodeHa
                full.  When that happens, it's fine to ignore it: we
                just effectively disable deduplication of this
                file.  */
-            printInfo("cannot link '%s' to '%s': %s", linkPath, path, strerror(errno));
+            printInfo("cannot link ‘%s’ to ‘%s’: %s", linkPath, path, strerror(errno));
             return;
 
         default:
-            throw SysError("cannot link '%1%' to '%2%'", linkPath, path);
+            throw SysError("cannot link ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’", linkPath, path);
         }
     }
 
@@ -173,20 +173,20 @@ void LocalStore::optimisePath_(OptimiseStats & stats, const Path & path, InodeHa
        current file with a hard link to that file. */
     struct stat stLink;
     if (lstat(linkPath.c_str(), &stLink))
-        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path '%1%'") % linkPath);
+        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path ‘%1%’") % linkPath);
 
     if (st.st_ino == stLink.st_ino) {
-        debug(format("'%1%' is already linked to '%2%'") % path % linkPath);
+        debug(format("‘%1%’ is already linked to ‘%2%’") % path % linkPath);
         return;
     }
 
     if (st.st_size != stLink.st_size) {
-        printError(format("removing corrupted link '%1%'") % linkPath);
+        printError(format("removing corrupted link ‘%1%’") % linkPath);
         unlink(linkPath.c_str());
         goto retry;
     }
 
-    printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("linking '%1%' to '%2%'") % path % linkPath);
+    printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("linking ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’") % path % linkPath);
 
     /* Make the containing directory writable, but only if it's not
        the store itself (we don't want or need to mess with its
@@ -207,26 +207,26 @@ void LocalStore::optimisePath_(OptimiseStats & stats, const Path & path, InodeHa
                systems).  This is likely to happen with empty files.
                Just shrug and ignore. */
             if (st.st_size)
-                printInfo(format("'%1%' has maximum number of links") % linkPath);
+                printInfo(format("‘%1%’ has maximum number of links") % linkPath);
             return;
         }
-        throw SysError("cannot link '%1%' to '%2%'", tempLink, linkPath);
+        throw SysError("cannot link ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’", tempLink, linkPath);
     }
 
     /* Atomically replace the old file with the new hard link. */
     if (rename(tempLink.c_str(), path.c_str()) == -1) {
         if (unlink(tempLink.c_str()) == -1)
-            printError(format("unable to unlink '%1%'") % tempLink);
+            printError(format("unable to unlink ‘%1%’") % tempLink);
         if (errno == EMLINK) {
             /* Some filesystems generate too many links on the rename,
                rather than on the original link.  (Probably it
                temporarily increases the st_nlink field before
                decreasing it again.) */
             if (st.st_size)
-                printInfo(format("'%1%' has maximum number of links") % linkPath);
+                printInfo(format("‘%1%’ has maximum number of links") % linkPath);
             return;
         }
-        throw SysError(format("cannot rename '%1%' to '%2%'") % tempLink % path);
+        throw SysError(format("cannot rename ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’") % tempLink % path);
     }
 
     stats.filesLinked++;
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ void LocalStore::optimiseStore(OptimiseStats & stats)
     for (auto & i : paths) {
         addTempRoot(i);
         if (!isValidPath(i)) continue; /* path was GC'ed, probably */
-        Activity act(*logger, lvlChatty, format("hashing files in '%1%'") % i);
+        Activity act(*logger, lvlChatty, format("hashing files in ‘%1%’") % i);
         optimisePath_(stats, realStoreDir + "/" + baseNameOf(i), inodeHash);
     }
 }

src/libstore/pathlocks.cc

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ int openLockFile(const Path & path, bool create)
 
     fd = open(path.c_str(), O_CLOEXEC | O_RDWR | (create ? O_CREAT : 0), 0600);
     if (!fd && (create || errno != ENOENT))
-        throw SysError(format("opening lock file '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("opening lock file ‘%1%’") % path);
 
     return fd.release();
 }
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ bool PathLocks::lockPaths(const PathSet & _paths,
         checkInterrupt();
         Path lockPath = path + ".lock";
 
-        debug(format("locking path '%1%'") % path);
+        debug(format("locking path ‘%1%’") % path);
 
         if (lockedPaths.find(lockPath) != lockedPaths.end())
             throw Error("deadlock: trying to re-acquire self-held lock");
@@ -131,19 +131,19 @@ bool PathLocks::lockPaths(const PathSet & _paths,
                 }
             }
 
-            debug(format("lock acquired on '%1%'") % lockPath);
+            debug(format("lock acquired on ‘%1%’") % lockPath);
 
             /* Check that the lock file hasn't become stale (i.e.,
                hasn't been unlinked). */
             struct stat st;
             if (fstat(fd.get(), &st) == -1)
-                throw SysError(format("statting lock file '%1%'") % lockPath);
+                throw SysError(format("statting lock file ‘%1%’") % lockPath);
             if (st.st_size != 0)
                 /* This lock file has been unlinked, so we're holding
                    a lock on a deleted file.  This means that other
                    processes may create and acquire a lock on
                    `lockPath', and proceed.  So we must retry. */
-                debug(format("open lock file '%1%' has become stale") % lockPath);
+                debug(format("open lock file ‘%1%’ has become stale") % lockPath);
             else
                 break;
         }
@@ -175,9 +175,9 @@ void PathLocks::unlock()
         lockedPaths.erase(i.second);
         if (close(i.first) == -1)
             printError(
-                format("error (ignored): cannot close lock file on '%1%'") % i.second);
+                format("error (ignored): cannot close lock file on ‘%1%’") % i.second);
 
-        debug(format("lock released on '%1%'") % i.second);
+        debug(format("lock released on ‘%1%’") % i.second);
     }
 
     fds.clear();

src/libstore/profiles.cc

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Generations findGenerations(Path profile, int & curGen)
             gen.number = n;
             struct stat st;
             if (lstat(gen.path.c_str(), &st) != 0)
-                throw SysError(format("statting '%1%'") % gen.path);
+                throw SysError(format("statting ‘%1%’") % gen.path);
             gen.creationTime = st.st_mtime;
             gens.push_back(gen);
         }
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ Path createGeneration(ref<LocalFSStore> store, Path profile, Path outPath)
 static void removeFile(const Path & path)
 {
     if (remove(path.c_str()) == -1)
-        throw SysError(format("cannot unlink '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("cannot unlink ‘%1%’") % path);
 }
 
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ void deleteGenerations(const Path & profile, const std::set<unsigned int> & gens
     Generations gens = findGenerations(profile, curGen);
 
     if (gensToDelete.find(curGen) != gensToDelete.end())
-        throw Error(format("cannot delete current generation of profile %1%'") % profile);
+        throw Error(format("cannot delete current generation of profile %1%’") % profile);
 
     for (auto & i : gens) {
         if (gensToDelete.find(i.number) == gensToDelete.end()) continue;
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ void deleteGenerationsOlderThan(const Path & profile, const string & timeSpec, b
     int days;
 
     if (!string2Int(strDays, days) || days < 1)
-        throw Error(format("invalid number of days specifier '%1%'") % timeSpec);
+        throw Error(format("invalid number of days specifier ‘%1%’") % timeSpec);
 
     time_t oldTime = curTime - days * 24 * 3600;
 
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ void switchLink(Path link, Path target)
 
 void lockProfile(PathLocks & lock, const Path & profile)
 {
-    lock.lockPaths({profile}, (format("waiting for lock on profile '%1%'") % profile).str());
+    lock.lockPaths({profile}, (format("waiting for lock on profile ‘%1%’") % profile).str());
     lock.setDeletion(true);
 }
 

src/libstore/references.cc

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ static void search(const unsigned char * s, unsigned int len,
         if (!match) continue;
         string ref((const char *) s + i, refLength);
         if (hashes.find(ref) != hashes.end()) {
-            debug(format("found reference to '%1%' at offset '%2%'")
+            debug(format("found reference to ‘%1%’ at offset ‘%2%’")
                   % ref % i);
             seen.insert(ref);
             hashes.erase(ref);
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ PathSet scanForReferences(const string & path,
         string baseName = baseNameOf(i);
         string::size_type pos = baseName.find('-');
         if (pos == string::npos)
-            throw Error(format("bad reference '%1%'") % i);
+            throw Error(format("bad reference ‘%1%’") % i);
         string s = string(baseName, 0, pos);
         assert(s.size() == refLength);
         assert(backMap.find(s) == backMap.end());

src/libstore/remote-fs-accessor.cc

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ std::pair<ref<FSAccessor>, Path> RemoteFSAccessor::fetch(const Path & path_)
     std::string restPath = std::string(path, storePath.size());
 
     if (!store->isValidPath(storePath))
-        throw InvalidPath(format("path '%1%' is not a valid store path") % storePath);
+        throw InvalidPath(format("path ‘%1%’ is not a valid store path") % storePath);
 
     auto i = nars.find(storePath);
     if (i != nars.end()) return {i->second, restPath};

src/libstore/remote-store.cc

@@ -83,11 +83,11 @@ ref<RemoteStore::Connection> UDSRemoteStore::openConnection()
     struct sockaddr_un addr;
     addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
     if (socketPath.size() + 1 >= sizeof(addr.sun_path))
-        throw Error(format("socket path '%1%' is too long") % socketPath);
+        throw Error(format("socket path ‘%1%’ is too long") % socketPath);
     strcpy(addr.sun_path, socketPath.c_str());
 
     if (connect(conn->fd.get(), (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1)
-        throw SysError(format("cannot connect to daemon at '%1%'") % socketPath);
+        throw SysError(format("cannot connect to daemon at ‘%1%’") % socketPath);
 
     conn->from.fd = conn->fd.get();
     conn->to.fd = conn->fd.get();
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ void RemoteStore::queryPathInfoUncached(const Path & path,
         }
         if (GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(conn->daemonVersion) >= 17) {
             bool valid = readInt(conn->from) != 0;
-            if (!valid) throw InvalidPath(format("path '%s' is not valid") % path);
+            if (!valid) throw InvalidPath(format("path ‘%s’ is not valid") % path);
         }
         auto info = std::make_shared<ValidPathInfo>();
         info->path = path;

src/libstore/s3-binary-cache-store.cc

@@ -81,9 +81,9 @@ struct S3BinaryCacheStoreImpl : public S3BinaryCacheStore
 
             if (!res.IsSuccess()) {
                 if (res.GetError().GetErrorType() != Aws::S3::S3Errors::NO_SUCH_BUCKET)
-                    throw Error(format("AWS error checking bucket '%s': %s") % bucketName % res.GetError().GetMessage());
+                    throw Error(format("AWS error checking bucket ‘%s’: %s") % bucketName % res.GetError().GetMessage());
 
-                checkAws(format("AWS error creating bucket '%s'") % bucketName,
+                checkAws(format("AWS error creating bucket ‘%s’") % bucketName,
                     client->CreateBucket(
                         Aws::S3::Model::CreateBucketRequest()
                         .WithBucket(bucketName)
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ struct S3BinaryCacheStoreImpl : public S3BinaryCacheStore
             if (error.GetErrorType() == Aws::S3::S3Errors::UNKNOWN // FIXME
                 && error.GetMessage().find("404") != std::string::npos)
                 return false;
-            throw Error(format("AWS error fetching '%s': %s") % path % error.GetMessage());
+            throw Error(format("AWS error fetching ‘%s’: %s") % path % error.GetMessage());
         }
 
         return true;
@@ -154,14 +154,14 @@ struct S3BinaryCacheStoreImpl : public S3BinaryCacheStore
 
         auto now1 = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
-        auto result = checkAws(format("AWS error uploading '%s'") % path,
+        auto result = checkAws(format("AWS error uploading ‘%s’") % path,
             client->PutObject(request));
 
         auto now2 = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
         auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now2 - now1).count();
 
-        printInfo(format("uploaded 's3://%1%/%2%' (%3% bytes) in %4% ms")
+        printInfo(format("uploaded ‘s3://%1%/%2%’ (%3% bytes) in %4% ms")
             % bucketName % path % data.size() % duration);
 
         stats.putTimeMs += duration;
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ struct S3BinaryCacheStoreImpl : public S3BinaryCacheStore
         std::function<void(std::exception_ptr exc)> failure) override
     {
         sync2async<std::shared_ptr<std::string>>(success, failure, [&]() {
-            debug(format("fetching 's3://%1%/%2%'...") % bucketName % path);
+            debug(format("fetching ‘s3://%1%/%2%’...") % bucketName % path);
 
             auto request =
                 Aws::S3::Model::GetObjectRequest()
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ struct S3BinaryCacheStoreImpl : public S3BinaryCacheStore
 
                 auto now1 = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
-                auto result = checkAws(format("AWS error fetching '%s'") % path,
+                auto result = checkAws(format("AWS error fetching ‘%s’") % path,
                     client->GetObject(request));
 
                 auto now2 = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ struct S3BinaryCacheStoreImpl : public S3BinaryCacheStore
 
                 auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now2 - now1).count();
 
-                printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("downloaded 's3://%1%/%2%' (%3% bytes) in %4% ms")
+                printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("downloaded ‘s3://%1%/%2%’ (%3% bytes) in %4% ms")
                     % bucketName % path % res.size() % duration);
 
                 stats.getBytes += res.size();
@@ -219,9 +219,9 @@ struct S3BinaryCacheStoreImpl : public S3BinaryCacheStore
         std::string marker;
 
         do {
-            debug(format("listing bucket 's3://%s' from key '%s'...") % bucketName % marker);
+            debug(format("listing bucket ‘s3://%s’ from key ‘%s’...") % bucketName % marker);
 
-            auto res = checkAws(format("AWS error listing bucket '%s'") % bucketName,
+            auto res = checkAws(format("AWS error listing bucket ‘%s’") % bucketName,
                 client->ListObjects(
                     Aws::S3::Model::ListObjectsRequest()
                     .WithBucket(bucketName)
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ struct S3BinaryCacheStoreImpl : public S3BinaryCacheStore
 
             auto & contents = res.GetContents();
 
-            debug(format("got %d keys, next marker '%s'")
+            debug(format("got %d keys, next marker ‘%s’")
                 % contents.size() % res.GetNextMarker());
 
             for (auto object : contents) {

src/libstore/sqlite.cc

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ SQLite::SQLite(const Path & path)
 {
     if (sqlite3_open_v2(path.c_str(), &db,
             SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, 0) != SQLITE_OK)
-        throw Error(format("cannot open SQLite database '%s'") % path);
+        throw Error(format("cannot open SQLite database ‘%s’") % path);
 }
 
 SQLite::~SQLite()
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ SQLite::~SQLite()
 void SQLite::exec(const std::string & stmt)
 {
     if (sqlite3_exec(db, stmt.c_str(), 0, 0, 0) != SQLITE_OK)
-        throwSQLiteError(db, format("executing SQLite statement '%s'") % stmt);
+        throwSQLiteError(db, format("executing SQLite statement ‘%s’") % stmt);
 }
 
 void SQLiteStmt::create(sqlite3 * db, const string & s)

src/libstore/store-api.cc

@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ bool Store::isStorePath(const Path & path) const
 void Store::assertStorePath(const Path & path) const
 {
     if (!isStorePath(path))
-        throw Error(format("path '%1%' is not in the Nix store") % path);
+        throw Error(format("path ‘%1%’ is not in the Nix store") % path);
 }
 
 
 Path Store::toStorePath(const Path & path) const
 {
     if (!isInStore(path))
-        throw Error(format("path '%1%' is not in the Nix store") % path);
+        throw Error(format("path ‘%1%’ is not in the Nix store") % path);
     Path::size_type slash = path.find('/', storeDir.size() + 1);
     if (slash == Path::npos)
         return path;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Path Store::followLinksToStore(const Path & _path) const
         path = absPath(target, dirOf(path));
     }
     if (!isInStore(path))
-        throw Error(format("path '%1%' is not in the Nix store") % path);
+        throw Error(format("path ‘%1%’ is not in the Nix store") % path);
     return path;
 }
 
@@ -85,14 +85,14 @@ void checkStoreName(const string & name)
     /* Disallow names starting with a dot for possible security
        reasons (e.g., "." and ".."). */
     if (string(name, 0, 1) == ".")
-        throw Error(format("illegal name: '%1%'") % name);
+        throw Error(format("illegal name: ‘%1%’") % name);
     for (auto & i : name)
         if (!((i >= 'A' && i <= 'Z') ||
               (i >= 'a' && i <= 'z') ||
               (i >= '0' && i <= '9') ||
               validChars.find(i) != string::npos))
         {
-            throw Error(format("invalid character '%1%' in name '%2%'")
+            throw Error(format("invalid character ‘%1%’ in name ‘%2%’")
                 % i % name);
         }
 }
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ void Store::queryPathInfo(const Path & storePath,
             if (res) {
                 stats.narInfoReadAverted++;
                 if (!*res)
-                    throw InvalidPath(format("path '%s' is not valid") % storePath);
+                    throw InvalidPath(format("path ‘%s’ is not valid") % storePath);
                 return success(ref<ValidPathInfo>(*res));
             }
         }
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ void Store::queryPathInfo(const Path & storePath,
                         res.first == NarInfoDiskCache::oInvalid ? 0 : res.second);
                     if (res.first == NarInfoDiskCache::oInvalid ||
                         (res.second->path != storePath && storePathToName(storePath) != ""))
-                        throw InvalidPath(format("path '%s' is not valid") % storePath);
+                        throw InvalidPath(format("path ‘%s’ is not valid") % storePath);
                 }
                 return success(ref<ValidPathInfo>(res.second));
             }
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ void Store::queryPathInfo(const Path & storePath,
                 || (info->path != storePath && storePathToName(storePath) != ""))
             {
                 stats.narInfoMissing++;
-                return failure(std::make_exception_ptr(InvalidPath(format("path '%s' is not valid") % storePath)));
+                return failure(std::make_exception_ptr(InvalidPath(format("path ‘%s’ is not valid") % storePath)));
             }
 
             callSuccess(success, failure, ref<ValidPathInfo>(info));
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ string showPaths(const PathSet & paths)
     string s;
     for (auto & i : paths) {
         if (s.size() != 0) s += ", ";
-        s += "'" + i + "'";
+        s += "‘" + i + "’";
     }
     return s;
 }
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ string showPaths(const PathSet & paths)
 std::string ValidPathInfo::fingerprint() const
 {
     if (narSize == 0 || !narHash)
-        throw Error(format("cannot calculate fingerprint of path '%s' because its size/hash is not known")
+        throw Error(format("cannot calculate fingerprint of path ‘%s’ because its size/hash is not known")
             % path);
     return
         "1;" + path + ";"
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ void ValidPathInfo::sign(const SecretKey & secretKey)
 bool ValidPathInfo::isContentAddressed(const Store & store) const
 {
     auto warn = [&]() {
-        printError(format("warning: path '%s' claims to be content-addressed but isn't") % path);
+        printError(format("warning: path ‘%s’ claims to be content-addressed but isn't") % path);
     };
 
     if (hasPrefix(ca, "text:")) {
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ ref<Store> openStore(const std::string & uri_)
         if (store) return ref<Store>(store);
     }
 
-    throw Error(format("don't know how to open Nix store '%s'") % uri);
+    throw Error(format("don't know how to open Nix store ‘%s’") % uri);
 }
 
 

src/libstore/store-api.hh

@@ -131,16 +131,16 @@ struct ValidPathInfo
 
        Ideally, the content-addressability assertion would just be a
        Boolean, and the store path would be computed from
-       'storePathToName(path)', 'narHash' and 'references'. However,
+       ‘storePathToName(path)’, ‘narHash’ and ‘references’. However,
        1) we've accumulated several types of content-addressed paths
        over the years; and 2) fixed-output derivations support
        multiple hash algorithms and serialisation methods (flat file
-       vs NAR). Thus, 'ca' has one of the following forms:
+       vs NAR). Thus, ‘ca’ has one of the following forms:
 
-       * 'text:sha256:<sha256 hash of file contents>': For paths
+       * ‘text:sha256:<sha256 hash of file contents>’: For paths
          computed by makeTextPath() / addTextToStore().
 
-       * 'fixed:<r?>:<ht>:<h>': For paths computed by
+       * ‘fixed:<r?>:<ht>:<h>’: For paths computed by
          makeFixedOutputPath() / addToStore().
     */
     std::string ca;
@@ -242,15 +242,15 @@ public:
 
     virtual std::string getUri() = 0;
 
-    /* Return true if 'path' is in the Nix store (but not the Nix
+    /* Return true if ‘path’ is in the Nix store (but not the Nix
        store itself). */
     bool isInStore(const Path & path) const;
 
-    /* Return true if 'path' is a store path, i.e. a direct child of
+    /* Return true if ‘path’ is a store path, i.e. a direct child of
        the Nix store. */
     bool isStorePath(const Path & path) const;
 
-    /* Throw an exception if 'path' is not a store path. */
+    /* Throw an exception if ‘path’ is not a store path. */
     void assertStorePath(const Path & path) const;
 
     /* Chop off the parts after the top-level store name, e.g.,
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ public:
 
     /* Query substitute info (i.e. references, derivers and download
        sizes) of a set of paths.  If a path does not have substitute
-       info, it's omitted from the resulting 'infos' map. */
+       info, it's omitted from the resulting ‘infos’ map. */
     virtual void querySubstitutablePathInfos(const PathSet & paths,
         SubstitutablePathInfos & infos) = 0;
 
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ public:
     virtual void buildPaths(const PathSet & paths, BuildMode buildMode = bmNormal) = 0;
 
     /* Build a single non-materialized derivation (i.e. not from an
-       on-disk .drv file). Note that 'drvPath' is only used for
+       on-disk .drv file). Note that ‘drvPath’ is only used for
        informational purposes. */
     virtual BuildResult buildDerivation(const Path & drvPath, const BasicDerivation & drv,
         BuildMode buildMode = bmNormal) = 0;
@@ -503,8 +503,8 @@ public:
        relation.  If p refers to q, then p preceeds q in this list. */
     Paths topoSortPaths(const PathSet & paths);
 
-    /* Export multiple paths in the format expected by 'nix-store
-       --import'. */
+    /* Export multiple paths in the format expected by ‘nix-store
+       --import’. */
     void exportPaths(const Paths & paths, Sink & sink);
 
     void exportPath(const Path & path, Sink & sink);
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ string storePathToName(const Path & path);
 /* Extract the hash part of the given store path. */
 string storePathToHash(const Path & path);
 
-/* Check whether 'name' is a valid store path name part, i.e. contains
+/* Check whether ‘name’ is a valid store path name part, i.e. contains
    only the characters [a-zA-Z0-9\+\-\.\_\?\=] and doesn't start with
    a dot. */
 void checkStoreName(const string & name);
@@ -596,17 +596,17 @@ void removeTempRoots();
 
 
 /* Return a Store object to access the Nix store denoted by
-   'uri' (slight misnomer...). Supported values are:
+   ‘uri’ (slight misnomer...). Supported values are:
 
-   * 'direct': The Nix store in /nix/store and database in
+   * ‘direct’: The Nix store in /nix/store and database in
      /nix/var/nix/db, accessed directly.
 
-   * 'daemon': The Nix store accessed via a Unix domain socket
+   * ‘daemon’: The Nix store accessed via a Unix domain socket
      connection to nix-daemon.
 
-   * 'file://<path>': A binary cache stored in <path>.
+   * ‘file://<path>’: A binary cache stored in <path>.
 
-   If 'uri' is empty, it defaults to 'direct' or 'daemon' depending on
+   If ‘uri’ is empty, it defaults to ‘direct’ or ‘daemon’ depending on
    whether the user has write access to the local Nix store/database.
    set to true *unless* you're going to collect garbage. */
 ref<Store> openStore(const std::string & uri = getEnv("NIX_REMOTE"));
@@ -622,8 +622,8 @@ enum StoreType {
 StoreType getStoreType(const std::string & uri = getEnv("NIX_REMOTE"), const std::string & stateDir = settings.nixStateDir);
 
 /* Return the default substituter stores, defined by the
-   'substituters' option and various legacy options like
-   'binary-caches'. */
+   ‘substituters’ option and various legacy options like
+   ‘binary-caches’. */
 std::list<ref<Store>> getDefaultSubstituters();
 
 

src/libutil/archive.cc

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ static void dumpContents(const Path & path, size_t size,
     sink << "contents" << size;
 
     AutoCloseFD fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
-    if (!fd) throw SysError(format("opening file '%1%'") % path);
+    if (!fd) throw SysError(format("opening file ‘%1%’") % path);
 
     unsigned char buf[65536];
     size_t left = size;
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ static void dump(const Path & path, Sink & sink, PathFilter & filter)
 {
     struct stat st;
     if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
-        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path ‘%1%’") % path);
 
     sink << "(";
 
@@ -82,11 +82,11 @@ static void dump(const Path & path, Sink & sink, PathFilter & filter)
                 string name(i.name);
                 size_t pos = i.name.find(caseHackSuffix);
                 if (pos != string::npos) {
-                    debug(format("removing case hack suffix from '%1%'") % (path + "/" + i.name));
+                    debug(format("removing case hack suffix from ‘%1%’") % (path + "/" + i.name));
                     name.erase(pos);
                 }
                 if (unhacked.find(name) != unhacked.end())
-                    throw Error(format("file name collision in between '%1%' and '%2%'")
+                    throw Error(format("file name collision in between ‘%1%’ and ‘%2%’")
                         % (path + "/" + unhacked[name]) % (path + "/" + i.name));
                 unhacked[name] = i.name;
             } else
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ static void dump(const Path & path, Sink & sink, PathFilter & filter)
     else if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
         sink << "type" << "symlink" << "target" << readLink(path);
 
-    else throw Error(format("file '%1%' has an unsupported type") % path);
+    else throw Error(format("file ‘%1%’ has an unsupported type") % path);
 
     sink << ")";
 }
@@ -239,14 +239,14 @@ static void parse(ParseSink & sink, Source & source, const Path & path)
                 } else if (s == "name") {
                     name = readString(source);
                     if (name.empty() || name == "." || name == ".." || name.find('/') != string::npos || name.find((char) 0) != string::npos)
-                        throw Error(format("NAR contains invalid file name '%1%'") % name);
+                        throw Error(format("NAR contains invalid file name ‘%1%’") % name);
                     if (name <= prevName)
                         throw Error("NAR directory is not sorted");
                     prevName = name;
                     if (useCaseHack) {
                         auto i = names.find(name);
                         if (i != names.end()) {
-                            debug(format("case collision between '%1%' and '%2%'") % i->first % name);
+                            debug(format("case collision between ‘%1%’ and ‘%2%’") % i->first % name);
                             name += caseHackSuffix;
                             name += std::to_string(++i->second);
                         } else
@@ -295,14 +295,14 @@ struct RestoreSink : ParseSink
     {
         Path p = dstPath + path;
         if (mkdir(p.c_str(), 0777) == -1)
-            throw SysError(format("creating directory '%1%'") % p);
+            throw SysError(format("creating directory ‘%1%’") % p);
     };
 
     void createRegularFile(const Path & path)
     {
         Path p = dstPath + path;
         fd = open(p.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC, 0666);
-        if (!fd) throw SysError(format("creating file '%1%'") % p);
+        if (!fd) throw SysError(format("creating file ‘%1%’") % p);
     }
 
     void isExecutable()

src/libutil/args.cc

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ void Args::parseCmdline(const Strings & _cmdline)
         }
         else if (!dashDash && std::string(arg, 0, 1) == "-") {
             if (!processFlag(pos, cmdline.end()))
-                throw UsageError(format("unrecognised flag '%1%'") % arg);
+                throw UsageError(format("unrecognised flag ‘%1%’") % arg);
         }
         else {
             pendingArgs.push_back(*pos++);
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ bool Args::processFlag(Strings::iterator & pos, Strings::iterator end)
         Strings args;
         for (size_t n = 0 ; n < flag.arity; ++n) {
             if (pos == end)
-                throw UsageError(format("flag '%1%' requires %2% argument(s)")
+                throw UsageError(format("flag ‘%1%’ requires %2% argument(s)")
                     % name % flag.arity);
             args.push_back(*pos++);
         }
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ bool Args::processArgs(const Strings & args, bool finish)
 {
     if (expectedArgs.empty()) {
         if (!args.empty())
-            throw UsageError(format("unexpected argument '%1%'") % args.front());
+            throw UsageError(format("unexpected argument ‘%1%’") % args.front());
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -140,10 +140,10 @@ bool Args::processArgs(const Strings & args, bool finish)
 
 void Args::mkHashTypeFlag(const std::string & name, HashType * ht)
 {
-    mkFlag1(0, name, "TYPE", "hash algorithm ('md5', 'sha1', 'sha256', or 'sha512')", [=](std::string s) {
+    mkFlag1(0, name, "TYPE", "hash algorithm (‘md5’, ‘sha1’, ‘sha256’, or ‘sha512’)", [=](std::string s) {
         *ht = parseHashType(s);
         if (*ht == htUnknown)
-            throw UsageError(format("unknown hash type '%1%'") % s);
+            throw UsageError(format("unknown hash type ‘%1%’") % s);
     });
 }
 

src/libutil/args.hh

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ public:
         mkFlag(shortName, longName, {"N"}, description, 1, [=](Strings ss) {
             I n;
             if (!string2Int(ss.front(), n))
-                throw UsageError(format("flag '--%1%' requires a integer argument") % longName);
+                throw UsageError(format("flag ‘--%1%’ requires a integer argument") % longName);
             fun(n);
         });
     }

src/libutil/compression.cc

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ ref<std::string> decompress(const std::string & method, const std::string & in)
     else if (method == "bzip2")
         return decompressBzip2(in);
     else
-        throw UnknownCompressionMethod(format("unknown compression method '%s'") % method);
+        throw UnknownCompressionMethod(format("unknown compression method ‘%s’") % method);
 }
 
 struct NoneSink : CompressionSink
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ ref<CompressionSink> makeCompressionSink(const std::string & method, Sink & next
     else if (method == "bzip2")
         return make_ref<BzipSink>(nextSink);
     else
-        throw UnknownCompressionMethod(format("unknown compression method '%s'") % method);
+        throw UnknownCompressionMethod(format("unknown compression method ‘%s’") % method);
 }
 
 }

src/libutil/hash.cc

@@ -88,11 +88,11 @@ Hash parseHash(const string & s)
 {
     string::size_type colon = s.find(':');
     if (colon == string::npos)
-        throw BadHash(format("invalid hash '%s'") % s);
+        throw BadHash(format("invalid hash ‘%s’") % s);
     string hts = string(s, 0, colon);
     HashType ht = parseHashType(hts);
     if (ht == htUnknown)
-        throw BadHash(format("unknown hash type '%s'") % hts);
+        throw BadHash(format("unknown hash type ‘%s’") % hts);
     return parseHash16or32(ht, string(s, colon + 1));
 }
 
@@ -101,11 +101,11 @@ Hash parseHash(HashType ht, const string & s)
 {
     Hash hash(ht);
     if (s.length() != hash.hashSize * 2)
-        throw BadHash(format("invalid hash '%1%'") % s);
+        throw BadHash(format("invalid hash ‘%1%’") % s);
     for (unsigned int i = 0; i < hash.hashSize; i++) {
         string s2(s, i * 2, 2);
         if (!isxdigit(s2[0]) || !isxdigit(s2[1]))
-            throw BadHash(format("invalid hash '%1%'") % s);
+            throw BadHash(format("invalid hash ‘%1%’") % s);
         istringstream_nocopy str(s2);
         int n;
         str >> std::hex >> n;
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ Hash parseHash32(HashType ht, const string & s)
         for (digit = 0; digit < base32Chars.size(); ++digit) /* !!! slow */
             if (base32Chars[digit] == c) break;
         if (digit >= 32)
-            throw BadHash(format("invalid base-32 hash '%1%'") % s);
+            throw BadHash(format("invalid base-32 hash ‘%1%’") % s);
         unsigned int b = n * 5;
         unsigned int i = b / 8;
         unsigned int j = b % 8;
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ Hash parseHash16or32(HashType ht, const string & s)
         /* base-32 representation */
         hash = parseHash32(ht, s);
     else
-        throw BadHash(format("hash '%1%' has wrong length for hash type '%2%'")
+        throw BadHash(format("hash ‘%1%’ has wrong length for hash type ‘%2%’")
             % s % printHashType(ht));
     return hash;
 }
@@ -256,13 +256,13 @@ Hash hashFile(HashType ht, const Path & path)
     start(ht, ctx);
 
     AutoCloseFD fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
-    if (!fd) throw SysError(format("opening file '%1%'") % path);
+    if (!fd) throw SysError(format("opening file ‘%1%’") % path);
 
     unsigned char buf[8192];
     ssize_t n;
     while ((n = read(fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf)))) {
         checkInterrupt();
-        if (n == -1) throw SysError(format("reading file '%1%'") % path);
+        if (n == -1) throw SysError(format("reading file ‘%1%’") % path);
         update(ht, ctx, buf, n);
     }
 

src/libutil/pool.hh

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ namespace nix {
        conn->exec("select ...");
      }
 
-   Here, the Connection object referenced by 'conn' is automatically
-   returned to the pool when 'conn' goes out of scope.
+   Here, the Connection object referenced by ‘conn’ is automatically
+   returned to the pool when ‘conn’ goes out of scope.
 */
 
 template <class R>

src/libutil/serialise.hh

@@ -50,12 +50,12 @@ struct Source
 {
     virtual ~Source() { }
 
-    /* Store exactly 'len' bytes in the buffer pointed to by 'data'.
+    /* Store exactly ‘len’ bytes in the buffer pointed to by ‘data’.
        It blocks until all the requested data is available, or throws
        an error if it is not going to be available.   */
     void operator () (unsigned char * data, size_t len);
 
-    /* Store up to 'len' in the buffer pointed to by 'data', and
+    /* Store up to ‘len’ in the buffer pointed to by ‘data’, and
        return the number of bytes stored.  If blocks until at least
        one byte is available. */
     virtual size_t read(unsigned char * data, size_t len) = 0;

src/libutil/types.hh

@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ struct FormatOrString
 };
 
 
-/* A helper for formatting strings. 'fmt(format, a_0, ..., a_n)' is
-   equivalent to 'boost::format(format) % a_0 % ... %
-   ... a_n'. However, 'fmt(s)' is equivalent to 's' (so no %-expansion
+/* A helper for formatting strings. ‘fmt(format, a_0, ..., a_n)’ is
+   equivalent to ‘boost::format(format) % a_0 % ... %
+   ... a_n’. However, ‘fmt(s)’ is equivalent to ‘s’ (so no %-expansion
    takes place). */
 
 inline void formatHelper(boost::format & f)

src/libutil/util.cc

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Path canonPath(const Path & path, bool resolveSymlinks)
     string s;
 
     if (path[0] != '/')
-        throw Error(format("not an absolute path: '%1%'") % path);
+        throw Error(format("not an absolute path: ‘%1%’") % path);
 
     string::const_iterator i = path.begin(), end = path.end();
     string temp;
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ Path canonPath(const Path & path, bool resolveSymlinks)
                the symlink target might contain new symlinks). */
             if (resolveSymlinks && isLink(s)) {
                 if (++followCount >= maxFollow)
-                    throw Error(format("infinite symlink recursion in path '%1%'") % path);
+                    throw Error(format("infinite symlink recursion in path ‘%1%’") % path);
                 temp = absPath(readLink(s), dirOf(s))
                     + string(i, end);
                 i = temp.begin(); /* restart */
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ Path dirOf(const Path & path)
 {
     Path::size_type pos = path.rfind('/');
     if (pos == string::npos)
-        throw Error(format("invalid file name '%1%'") % path);
+        throw Error(format("invalid file name ‘%1%’") % path);
     return pos == 0 ? "/" : Path(path, 0, pos);
 }
 
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ struct stat lstat(const Path & path)
 {
     struct stat st;
     if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
-        throw SysError(format("getting status of '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("getting status of ‘%1%’") % path);
     return st;
 }
 
@@ -210,13 +210,13 @@ Path readLink(const Path & path)
     checkInterrupt();
     struct stat st = lstat(path);
     if (!S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
-        throw Error(format("'%1%' is not a symlink") % path);
+        throw Error(format("‘%1%’ is not a symlink") % path);
     char buf[st.st_size];
     ssize_t rlsize = readlink(path.c_str(), buf, st.st_size);
     if (rlsize == -1)
-        throw SysError(format("reading symbolic link '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("reading symbolic link ‘%1%’") % path);
     else if (rlsize > st.st_size)
-        throw Error(format("symbolic link '%1%' size overflow %2% > %3%")
+        throw Error(format("symbolic link ‘%1%’ size overflow %2% > %3%")
             % path % rlsize % st.st_size);
     return string(buf, rlsize);
 }
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ DirEntries readDirectory(const Path & path)
     entries.reserve(64);
 
     AutoCloseDir dir = opendir(path.c_str());
-    if (!dir) throw SysError(format("opening directory '%1%'") % path);
+    if (!dir) throw SysError(format("opening directory ‘%1%’") % path);
 
     struct dirent * dirent;
     while (errno = 0, dirent = readdir(dir)) { /* sic */
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ DirEntries readDirectory(const Path & path)
 #endif
         );
     }
-    if (errno) throw SysError(format("reading directory '%1%'") % path);
+    if (errno) throw SysError(format("reading directory ‘%1%’") % path);
 
     return entries;
 }
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ string readFile(const Path & path, bool drain)
 {
     AutoCloseFD fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
     if (!fd)
-        throw SysError(format("opening file '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("opening file ‘%1%’") % path);
     return drain ? drainFD(fd.get()) : readFile(fd.get());
 }
 
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ void writeFile(const Path & path, const string & s)
 {
     AutoCloseFD fd = open(path.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT | O_CLOEXEC, 0666);
     if (!fd)
-        throw SysError(format("opening file '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("opening file ‘%1%’") % path);
     writeFull(fd.get(), s);
 }
 
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ static void _deletePath(const Path & path, unsigned long long & bytesFreed)
     struct stat st;
     if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st) == -1) {
         if (errno == ENOENT) return;
-        throw SysError(format("getting status of '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("getting status of ‘%1%’") % path);
     }
 
     if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && st.st_nlink == 1)
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ static void _deletePath(const Path & path, unsigned long long & bytesFreed)
         const auto PERM_MASK = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR;
         if ((st.st_mode & PERM_MASK) != PERM_MASK) {
             if (chmod(path.c_str(), st.st_mode | PERM_MASK) == -1)
-                throw SysError(format("chmod '%1%'") % path);
+                throw SysError(format("chmod ‘%1%’") % path);
         }
 
         for (auto & i : readDirectory(path))
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ static void _deletePath(const Path & path, unsigned long long & bytesFreed)
 
     if (remove(path.c_str()) == -1) {
         if (errno == ENOENT) return;
-        throw SysError(format("cannot unlink '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("cannot unlink ‘%1%’") % path);
     }
 }
 
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ void deletePath(const Path & path)
 
 void deletePath(const Path & path, unsigned long long & bytesFreed)
 {
-    Activity act(*logger, lvlDebug, format("recursively deleting path '%1%'") % path);
+    Activity act(*logger, lvlDebug, format("recursively deleting path ‘%1%’") % path);
     bytesFreed = 0;
     _deletePath(path, bytesFreed);
 }
@@ -404,12 +404,12 @@ Path createTempDir(const Path & tmpRoot, const Path & prefix,
                "wheel", then "tar" will fail to unpack archives that
                have the setgid bit set on directories. */
             if (chown(tmpDir.c_str(), (uid_t) -1, getegid()) != 0)
-                throw SysError(format("setting group of directory '%1%'") % tmpDir);
+                throw SysError(format("setting group of directory ‘%1%’") % tmpDir);
 #endif
             return tmpDir;
         }
         if (errno != EEXIST)
-            throw SysError(format("creating directory '%1%'") % tmpDir);
+            throw SysError(format("creating directory ‘%1%’") % tmpDir);
     }
 }
 
@@ -435,15 +435,15 @@ Paths createDirs(const Path & path)
     if (lstat(path.c_str(), &st) == -1) {
         created = createDirs(dirOf(path));
         if (mkdir(path.c_str(), 0777) == -1 && errno != EEXIST)
-            throw SysError(format("creating directory '%1%'") % path);
+            throw SysError(format("creating directory ‘%1%’") % path);
         st = lstat(path);
         created.push_back(path);
     }
 
     if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) && stat(path.c_str(), &st) == -1)
-        throw SysError(format("statting symlink '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("statting symlink ‘%1%’") % path);
 
-    if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) throw Error(format("'%1%' is not a directory") % path);
+    if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) throw Error(format("‘%1%’ is not a directory") % path);
 
     return created;
 }
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ Paths createDirs(const Path & path)
 void createSymlink(const Path & target, const Path & link)
 {
     if (symlink(target.c_str(), link.c_str()))
-        throw SysError(format("creating symlink from '%1%' to '%2%'") % link % target);
+        throw SysError(format("creating symlink from ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’") % link % target);
 }
 
 
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ void replaceSymlink(const Path & target, const Path & link)
     createSymlink(target, tmp);
 
     if (rename(tmp.c_str(), link.c_str()) != 0)
-        throw SysError(format("renaming '%1%' to '%2%'") % tmp % link);
+        throw SysError(format("renaming ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’") % tmp % link);
 }
 
 
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ AutoDelete::~AutoDelete()
                 deletePath(path);
             else {
                 if (remove(path.c_str()) == -1)
-                    throw SysError(format("cannot unlink '%1%'") % path);
+                    throw SysError(format("cannot unlink ‘%1%’") % path);
             }
         }
     } catch (...) {
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ pid_t Pid::release()
 
 void killUser(uid_t uid)
 {
-    debug(format("killing all processes running under uid '%1%'") % uid);
+    debug(format("killing all processes running under uid ‘%1%’") % uid);
 
     assert(uid != 0); /* just to be safe... */
 
@@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ void killUser(uid_t uid)
 #endif
             if (errno == ESRCH) break; /* no more processes */
             if (errno != EINTR)
-                throw SysError(format("cannot kill processes for uid '%1%'") % uid);
+                throw SysError(format("cannot kill processes for uid ‘%1%’") % uid);
         }
 
         _exit(0);
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ void killUser(uid_t uid)
 
     int status = pid.wait(true);
     if (status != 0)
-        throw Error(format("cannot kill processes for uid '%1%': %2%") % uid % statusToString(status));
+        throw Error(format("cannot kill processes for uid ‘%1%’: %2%") % uid % statusToString(status));
 
     /* !!! We should really do some check to make sure that there are
        no processes left running under `uid', but there is no portable
@@ -919,7 +919,7 @@ string runProgram(Path program, bool searchPath, const Strings & args,
         else
             execv(program.c_str(), stringsToCharPtrs(args_).data());
 
-        throw SysError(format("executing '%1%'") % program);
+        throw SysError(format("executing ‘%1%’") % program);
     });
 
     out.writeSide = -1;
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ string runProgram(Path program, bool searchPath, const Strings & args,
     /* Wait for the child to finish. */
     int status = pid.wait(true);
     if (!statusOk(status))
-        throw ExecError(status, format("program '%1%' %2%")
+        throw ExecError(status, format("program ‘%1%’ %2%")
             % program % statusToString(status));
 
     return result;

src/libutil/util.hh

@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ void ignoreException();
 #define ANSI_RED "\e[31;1m"
 
 
-/* Filter out ANSI escape codes from the given string. If 'nixOnly' is
+/* Filter out ANSI escape codes from the given string. If ‘nixOnly’ is
    set, only filter escape codes generated by Nixpkgs' stdenv (used to
    denote nesting etc.). */
 string filterANSIEscapes(const string & s, bool nixOnly = false);
@@ -391,15 +391,15 @@ string get(const T & map, const string & key, const string & def = "")
 }
 
 
-/* Call 'failure' with the current exception as argument. If 'failure'
+/* Call ‘failure’ with the current exception as argument. If ‘failure’
    throws an exception, abort the program. */
 void callFailure(const std::function<void(std::exception_ptr exc)> & failure,
     std::exception_ptr exc = std::current_exception());
 
 
-/* Evaluate the function 'f'. If it returns a value, call 'success'
-   with that value as its argument. If it or 'success' throws an
-   exception, call 'failure'. If 'failure' throws an exception, abort
+/* Evaluate the function ‘f’. If it returns a value, call ‘success’
+   with that value as its argument. If it or ‘success’ throws an
+   exception, call ‘failure’. If ‘failure’ throws an exception, abort
    the program. */
 template<class T>
 void sync2async(
@@ -415,8 +415,8 @@ void sync2async(
 }
 
 
-/* Call the function 'success'. If it throws an exception, call
-   'failure'. If that throws an exception, abort the program. */
+/* Call the function ‘success’. If it throws an exception, call
+   ‘failure’. If that throws an exception, abort the program. */
 template<class T>
 void callSuccess(
     const std::function<void(T)> & success,

src/nix-build/nix-build.cc

@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv)
         }
 
         if (packages && fromArgs) {
-            throw UsageError("'-p' and '-E' are mutually exclusive");
+            throw UsageError("‘-p’ and ‘-E’ are mutually exclusive");
         }
 
         if (packages) {

src/nix-channel/nix-channel.cc

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ static void writeChannels()
 {
     auto channelsFD = AutoCloseFD{open(channelsList.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644)};
     if (!channelsFD)
-        throw SysError(format("opening '%1%' for writing") % channelsList);
+        throw SysError(format("opening ‘%1%’ for writing") % channelsList);
     for (const auto & channel : channels)
         writeFull(channelsFD.get(), channel.second + " " + channel.first + "\n");
 }
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ static void writeChannels()
 static void addChannel(const string & url, const string & name)
 {
     if (!regex_search(url, std::regex("^(file|http|https)://")))
-        throw Error(format("invalid channel URL '%1%'") % url);
+        throw Error(format("invalid channel URL ‘%1%’") % url);
     if (!regex_search(name, std::regex("^[a-zA-Z0-9_][a-zA-Z0-9_\\.-]*$")))
-        throw Error(format("invalid channel identifier '%1%'") % name);
+        throw Error(format("invalid channel identifier ‘%1%’") % name);
     readChannels();
     channels[name] = url;
     writeChannels();
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv)
                 throw UsageError("no command specified");
             case cAdd:
                 if (args.size() < 1 || args.size() > 2)
-                    throw UsageError("'--add' requires one or two arguments");
+                    throw UsageError("‘--add’ requires one or two arguments");
                 {
                 auto url = args[0];
                 auto name = string{};
@@ -240,12 +240,12 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv)
                 break;
             case cRemove:
                 if (args.size() != 1)
-                    throw UsageError("'--remove' requires one argument");
+                    throw UsageError("‘--remove’ requires one argument");
                 removeChannel(args[0]);
                 break;
             case cList:
                 if (!args.empty())
-                    throw UsageError("'--list' expects no arguments");
+                    throw UsageError("‘--list’ expects no arguments");
                 readChannels();
                 for (const auto & channel : channels)
                     std::cout << channel.first << ' ' << channel.second << '\n';
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv)
                 break;
             case cRollback:
                 if (args.size() > 1)
-                    throw UsageError("'--rollback' has at most one argument");
+                    throw UsageError("‘--rollback’ has at most one argument");
                 auto envArgs = Strings{"--profile", profile};
                 if (args.size() == 1) {
                     envArgs.push_back("--switch-generation");

src/nix-daemon/nix-daemon.cc

@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ static void processConnection(bool trusted)
         /* Prevent users from doing something very dangerous. */
         if (geteuid() == 0 &&
             querySetting("build-users-group", "") == "")
-            throw Error("if you run 'nix-daemon' as root, then you MUST set 'build-users-group'!");
+            throw Error("if you run ‘nix-daemon’ as root, then you MUST set ‘build-users-group’!");
 #endif
 
         /* Open the store. */
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ static void daemonLoop(char * * argv)
         struct sockaddr_un addr;
         addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
         if (socketPathRel.size() >= sizeof(addr.sun_path))
-            throw Error(format("socket path '%1%' is too long") % socketPathRel);
+            throw Error(format("socket path ‘%1%’ is too long") % socketPathRel);
         strcpy(addr.sun_path, socketPathRel.c_str());
 
         unlink(socketPath.c_str());
@@ -841,13 +841,13 @@ static void daemonLoop(char * * argv)
         int res = bind(fdSocket.get(), (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr));
         umask(oldMode);
         if (res == -1)
-            throw SysError(format("cannot bind to socket '%1%'") % socketPath);
+            throw SysError(format("cannot bind to socket ‘%1%’") % socketPath);
 
         if (chdir("/") == -1) /* back to the root */
             throw SysError("cannot change current directory");
 
         if (listen(fdSocket.get(), 5) == -1)
-            throw SysError(format("cannot listen on socket '%1%'") % socketPath);
+            throw SysError(format("cannot listen on socket ‘%1%’") % socketPath);
     }
 
     closeOnExec(fdSocket.get());
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ static void daemonLoop(char * * argv)
                 trusted = true;
 
             if (!trusted && !matchUser(user, group, allowedUsers))
-                throw Error(format("user '%1%' is not allowed to connect to the Nix daemon") % user);
+                throw Error(format("user ‘%1%’ is not allowed to connect to the Nix daemon") % user);
 
             printInfo(format((string) "accepted connection from pid %1%, user %2%" + (trusted ? " (trusted)" : ""))
                 % (peer.pidKnown ? std::to_string(peer.pid) : "<unknown>")
@@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
 
                 auto socketDir = dirOf(socketPath);
                 if (chdir(socketDir.c_str()) == -1)
-                    throw SysError(format("changing to socket directory '%1%'") % socketDir);
+                    throw SysError(format("changing to socket directory ‘%1%’") % socketDir);
 
                 auto socketName = baseNameOf(socketPath);
                 auto addr = sockaddr_un{};

src/nix-env/nix-env.cc

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ static string needArg(Strings::iterator & i,
     Strings & args, const string & arg)
 {
     if (i == args.end()) throw UsageError(
-        format("'%1%' requires an argument") % arg);
+        format("‘%1%’ requires an argument") % arg);
     return *i++;
 }
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ static void getAllExprs(EvalState & state,
             if (hasSuffix(attrName, ".nix"))
                 attrName = string(attrName, 0, attrName.size() - 4);
             if (attrs.find(attrName) != attrs.end()) {
-                printError(format("warning: name collision in input Nix expressions, skipping '%1%'") % path2);
+                printError(format("warning: name collision in input Nix expressions, skipping ‘%1%’") % path2);
                 continue;
             }
             attrs.insert(attrName);
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ static void getAllExprs(EvalState & state,
             Value & vArg(*state.allocValue());
             mkString(vArg, path2);
             if (v.attrs->size() == v.attrs->capacity())
-                throw Error(format("too many Nix expressions in directory '%1%'") % path);
+                throw Error(format("too many Nix expressions in directory ‘%1%’") % path);
             mkApp(*state.allocAttr(v, state.symbols.create(attrName)), vFun, vArg);
         }
         else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ static void loadSourceExpr(EvalState & state, const Path & path, Value & v)
 {
     struct stat st;
     if (stat(path.c_str(), &st) == -1)
-        throw SysError(format("getting information about '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("getting information about ‘%1%’") % path);
 
     if (isNixExpr(path, st)) {
         state.evalFile(path, v);
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ static void checkSelectorUse(DrvNames & selectors)
     /* Check that all selectors have been used. */
     for (auto & i : selectors)
         if (i.hits == 0 && i.fullName != "*")
-            throw Error(format("selector '%1%' matches no derivations") % i.fullName);
+            throw Error(format("selector ‘%1%’ matches no derivations") % i.fullName);
 }
 
 
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ static DrvInfos filterBySelector(EvalState & state, const DrvInfos & allElems,
             for (auto & j : newest) {
                 if (multiple.find(j.second.first.name) != multiple.end())
                     printInfo(
-                        format("warning: there are multiple derivations named '%1%'; using the first one")
+                        format("warning: there are multiple derivations named ‘%1%’; using the first one")
                         % j.second.first.name);
                 matches.push_back(j.second);
             }
@@ -496,13 +496,13 @@ static void installDerivations(Globals & globals,
                 if (!globals.preserveInstalled &&
                     newNames.find(drvName.name) != newNames.end() &&
                     !keep(i))
-                    printInfo(format("replacing old '%1%'") % i.name);
+                    printInfo(format("replacing old ‘%1%’") % i.name);
                 else
                     allElems.push_back(i);
             }
 
             for (auto & i : newElems)
-                printInfo(format("installing '%1%'") % i.name);
+                printInfo(format("installing ‘%1%’") % i.name);
         }
 
         printMissing(*globals.state, newElems);
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ static void opInstall(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
             globals.preserveInstalled = true;
         else if (arg == "--remove-all" || arg == "-r")
             globals.removeAll = true;
-        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % arg);
+        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % arg);
     }
 
     installDerivations(globals, opArgs, globals.profile);
@@ -605,13 +605,13 @@ static void upgradeDerivations(Globals & globals,
                     const char * action = compareVersions(drvName.version, bestVersion) <= 0
                         ? "upgrading" : "downgrading";
                     printInfo(
-                        format("%1% '%2%' to '%3%'")
+                        format("%1% ‘%2%’ to ‘%3%’")
                         % action % i.name % bestElem->name);
                     newElems.push_back(*bestElem);
                 } else newElems.push_back(i);
 
             } catch (Error & e) {
-                e.addPrefix(format("while trying to find an upgrade for '%1%':\n") % i.name);
+                e.addPrefix(format("while trying to find an upgrade for ‘%1%’:\n") % i.name);
                 throw;
             }
         }
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ static void opUpgrade(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
         else if (arg == "--leq") upgradeType = utLeq;
         else if (arg == "--eq") upgradeType = utEq;
         else if (arg == "--always") upgradeType = utAlways;
-        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % arg);
+        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % arg);
     }
 
     upgradeDerivations(globals, opArgs, upgradeType);
@@ -655,9 +655,9 @@ static void setMetaFlag(EvalState & state, DrvInfo & drv,
 static void opSetFlag(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 {
     if (opFlags.size() > 0)
-        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % opFlags.front());
+        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % opFlags.front());
     if (opArgs.size() < 2)
-        throw UsageError("not enough arguments to '--set-flag'");
+        throw UsageError("not enough arguments to ‘--set-flag’");
 
     Strings::iterator arg = opArgs.begin();
     string flagName = *arg++;
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ static void opSetFlag(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
             DrvName drvName(i.name);
             for (auto & j : selectors)
                 if (j.matches(drvName)) {
-                    printInfo(format("setting flag on '%1%'") % i.name);
+                    printInfo(format("setting flag on ‘%1%’") % i.name);
                     j.hits++;
                     setMetaFlag(*globals.state, i, flagName, flagValue);
                     break;
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ static void opSet(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
     for (Strings::iterator i = opFlags.begin(); i != opFlags.end(); ) {
         string arg = *i++;
         if (parseInstallSourceOptions(globals, i, opFlags, arg)) ;
-        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % arg);
+        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % arg);
     }
 
     DrvInfos elems;
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ static void uninstallDerivations(Globals & globals, Strings & selectors,
                 if ((isPath(j) && i.queryOutPath() == globals.state->store->followLinksToStorePath(j))
                     || DrvName(j).matches(drvName))
                 {
-                    printInfo(format("uninstalling '%1%'") % i.name);
+                    printInfo(format("uninstalling ‘%1%’") % i.name);
                     found = true;
                     break;
                 }
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ static void uninstallDerivations(Globals & globals, Strings & selectors,
 static void opUninstall(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 {
     if (opFlags.size() > 0)
-        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % opFlags.front());
+        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % opFlags.front());
     uninstallDerivations(globals, opArgs, globals.profile);
 }
 
@@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ static void queryJSON(Globals & globals, vector<DrvInfo> & elems)
             auto placeholder = metaObj.placeholder(j);
             Value * v = i.queryMeta(j);
             if (!v) {
-                printError(format("derivation '%1%' has invalid meta attribute '%2%'") % i.name % j);
+                printError(format("derivation ‘%1%’ has invalid meta attribute ‘%2%’") % i.name % j);
                 placeholder.write(nullptr);
             } else {
                 PathSet context;
@@ -924,7 +924,7 @@ static void opQuery(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
         else if (arg == "--attr" || arg == "-A")
             attrPath = needArg(i, opFlags, arg);
         else
-            throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % arg);
+            throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % arg);
     }
 
 
@@ -971,7 +971,7 @@ static void opQuery(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
             try {
                 paths.insert(i.queryOutPath());
             } catch (AssertionError & e) {
-                printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("skipping derivation named '%1%' which gives an assertion failure") % i.name);
+                printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("skipping derivation named ‘%1%’ which gives an assertion failure") % i.name);
                 i.setFailed();
             }
         validPaths = globals.state->store->queryValidPaths(paths);
@@ -997,7 +997,7 @@ static void opQuery(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
         try {
             if (i.hasFailed()) continue;
 
-            Activity act(*logger, lvlDebug, format("outputting query result '%1%'") % i.attrPath);
+            Activity act(*logger, lvlDebug, format("outputting query result ‘%1%’") % i.attrPath);
 
             if (globals.prebuiltOnly &&
                 validPaths.find(i.queryOutPath()) == validPaths.end() &&
@@ -1118,7 +1118,7 @@ static void opQuery(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
                             attrs2["name"] = j;
                             Value * v = i.queryMeta(j);
                             if (!v)
-                                printError(format("derivation '%1%' has invalid meta attribute '%2%'") % i.name % j);
+                                printError(format("derivation ‘%1%’ has invalid meta attribute ‘%2%’") % i.name % j);
                             else {
                                 if (v->type == tString) {
                                     attrs2["type"] = "string";
@@ -1169,9 +1169,9 @@ static void opQuery(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
             cout.flush();
 
         } catch (AssertionError & e) {
-            printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("skipping derivation named '%1%' which gives an assertion failure") % i.name);
+            printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("skipping derivation named ‘%1%’ which gives an assertion failure") % i.name);
         } catch (Error & e) {
-            e.addPrefix(format("while querying the derivation named '%1%':\n") % i.name);
+            e.addPrefix(format("while querying the derivation named ‘%1%’:\n") % i.name);
             throw;
         }
     }
@@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@ static void opQuery(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 static void opSwitchProfile(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 {
     if (opFlags.size() > 0)
-        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % opFlags.front());
+        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % opFlags.front());
     if (opArgs.size() != 1)
         throw UsageError(format("exactly one argument expected"));
 
@@ -1231,7 +1231,7 @@ static void switchGeneration(Globals & globals, int dstGen)
 static void opSwitchGeneration(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 {
     if (opFlags.size() > 0)
-        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % opFlags.front());
+        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % opFlags.front());
     if (opArgs.size() != 1)
         throw UsageError(format("exactly one argument expected"));
 
@@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@ static void opSwitchGeneration(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArg
 static void opRollback(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 {
     if (opFlags.size() > 0)
-        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % opFlags.front());
+        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % opFlags.front());
     if (opArgs.size() != 0)
         throw UsageError(format("no arguments expected"));
 
@@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@ static void opRollback(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 static void opListGenerations(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 {
     if (opFlags.size() > 0)
-        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % opFlags.front());
+        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % opFlags.front());
     if (opArgs.size() != 0)
         throw UsageError(format("no arguments expected"));
 
@@ -1284,7 +1284,7 @@ static void opListGenerations(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs
 static void opDeleteGenerations(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 {
     if (opFlags.size() > 0)
-        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % opFlags.front());
+        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % opFlags.front());
 
     if (opArgs.size() == 1 && opArgs.front() == "old") {
         deleteOldGenerations(globals.profile, globals.dryRun);
@@ -1295,7 +1295,7 @@ static void opDeleteGenerations(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opAr
         for (auto & i : opArgs) {
             unsigned int n;
             if (!string2Int(i, n))
-                throw UsageError(format("invalid generation number '%1%'") % i);
+                throw UsageError(format("invalid generation number ‘%1%’") % i);
             gens.insert(n);
         }
         deleteGenerations(globals.profile, gens, globals.dryRun);

src/nix-env/user-env.cc

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ bool createUserEnv(EvalState & state, DrvInfos & elems,
 
         Path lockTokenCur = optimisticLockProfile(profile);
         if (lockToken != lockTokenCur) {
-            printError(format("profile '%1%' changed while we were busy; restarting") % profile);
+            printError(format("profile ‘%1%’ changed while we were busy; restarting") % profile);
             return false;
         }
 

src/nix-instantiate/nix-instantiate.cc

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ void processExpr(EvalState & state, const Strings & attrPaths,
                 /* What output do we want? */
                 string outputName = i.queryOutputName();
                 if (outputName == "")
-                    throw Error(format("derivation '%1%' lacks an 'outputName' attribute ") % drvPath);
+                    throw Error(format("derivation ‘%1%’ lacks an ‘outputName’ attribute ") % drvPath);
 
                 if (gcRoot == "")
                     printGCWarning();
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
         if (findFile) {
             for (auto & i : files) {
                 Path p = state.findFile(i);
-                if (p == "") throw Error(format("unable to find '%1%'") % i);
+                if (p == "") throw Error(format("unable to find ‘%1%’") % i);
                 std::cout << p << std::endl;
             }
             return;

src/nix-prefetch-url/nix-prefetch-url.cc

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 using namespace nix;
 
 
-/* If 'uri' starts with 'mirror://', then resolve it using the list of
+/* If ‘uri’ starts with ‘mirror://’, then resolve it using the list of
    mirrors defined in Nixpkgs. */
 string resolveMirrorUri(EvalState & state, string uri)
 {
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ string resolveMirrorUri(EvalState & state, string uri)
 
     auto mirrorList = vMirrors.attrs->find(state.symbols.create(mirrorName));
     if (mirrorList == vMirrors.attrs->end())
-        throw Error(format("unknown mirror name '%1%'") % mirrorName);
+        throw Error(format("unknown mirror name ‘%1%’") % mirrorName);
     state.forceList(*mirrorList->value);
 
     if (mirrorList->value->listSize() < 1)
-        throw Error(format("mirror URI '%1%' did not expand to anything") % uri);
+        throw Error(format("mirror URI ‘%1%’ did not expand to anything") % uri);
 
     string mirror = state.forceString(*mirrorList->value->listElems()[0]);
     return mirror + (hasSuffix(mirror, "/") ? "" : "/") + string(s, p + 1);
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
                 string s = getArg(*arg, arg, end);
                 ht = parseHashType(s);
                 if (ht == htUnknown)
-                    throw UsageError(format("unknown hash type '%1%'") % s);
+                    throw UsageError(format("unknown hash type ‘%1%’") % s);
             }
             else if (*arg == "--print-path")
                 printPath = true;
@@ -113,10 +113,10 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
             /* Extract the URI. */
             auto attr = v.attrs->find(state.symbols.create("urls"));
             if (attr == v.attrs->end())
-                throw Error("attribute set does not contain a 'urls' attribute");
+                throw Error("attribute set does not contain a ‘urls’ attribute");
             state.forceList(*attr->value);
             if (attr->value->listSize() < 1)
-                throw Error("'urls' list is empty");
+                throw Error("‘urls’ list is empty");
             uri = state.forceString(*attr->value->listElems()[0]);
 
             /* Extract the hash mode. */
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
         if (name.empty())
             name = baseNameOf(uri);
         if (name.empty())
-            throw Error(format("cannot figure out file name for '%1%'") % uri);
+            throw Error(format("cannot figure out file name for ‘%1%’") % uri);
 
         /* If an expected hash is given, the file may already exist in
            the store. */
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
             hash = unpack ? hashPath(ht, tmpFile).first : hashString(ht, *result.data);
 
             if (expectedHash != Hash(ht) && expectedHash != hash)
-                throw Error(format("hash mismatch for '%1%'") % uri);
+                throw Error(format("hash mismatch for ‘%1%’") % uri);
 
             /* Copy the file to the Nix store. FIXME: if RemoteStore
                implemented addToStoreFromDump() and downloadFile()
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
         }
 
         if (!printPath)
-            printInfo(format("path is '%1%'") % storePath);
+            printInfo(format("path is ‘%1%’") % storePath);
 
         std::cout << printHash16or32(hash) << std::endl;
         if (printPath)

src/nix-store/dotgraph.cc

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ void printClosure(const Path & nePath, const StoreExpr & fs)
 
             ClosureElems::const_iterator elem = fs.closure.elems.find(path);
             if (elem == fs.closure.elems.end())
-                throw Error(format("bad closure, missing path '%1%'") % path);
+                throw Error(format("bad closure, missing path ‘%1%’") % path);
 
             for (StringSet::const_iterator i = elem->second.refs.begin();
                  i != elem->second.refs.end(); ++i)

src/nix-store/nix-store.cc

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ static Path useDeriver(Path path)
     if (isDerivation(path)) return path;
     Path drvPath = store->queryPathInfo(path)->deriver;
     if (drvPath == "")
-        throw Error(format("deriver of path '%1%' is not known") % path);
+        throw Error(format("deriver of path ‘%1%’ is not known") % path);
     return drvPath;
 }
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ static PathSet realisePath(Path path, bool build = true)
         for (auto & j : p.second) {
             DerivationOutputs::iterator i = drv.outputs.find(j);
             if (i == drv.outputs.end())
-                throw Error(format("derivation '%1%' does not have an output named '%2%'") % p.first % j);
+                throw Error(format("derivation ‘%1%’ does not have an output named ‘%2%’") % p.first % j);
             Path outPath = i->second.path;
             if (store2) {
                 if (gcRoot == "")
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ static PathSet realisePath(Path path, bool build = true)
 
     else {
         if (build) store->ensurePath(path);
-        else if (!store->isValidPath(path)) throw Error(format("path '%1%' does not exist and cannot be created") % path);
+        else if (!store->isValidPath(path)) throw Error(format("path ‘%1%’ does not exist and cannot be created") % path);
         if (store2) {
             if (gcRoot == "")
                 printGCWarning();
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ static void opRealise(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
         else if (i == "--check") buildMode = bmCheck;
         else if (i == "--hash") buildMode = bmHash;
         else if (i == "--ignore-unknown") ignoreUnknown = true;
-        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % i);
+        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % i);
 
     Paths paths;
     for (auto & i : opArgs) {
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ static void opAddFixed(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 
     for (auto & i : opFlags)
         if (i == "--recursive") recursive = true;
-        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % i);
+        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % i);
 
     if (opArgs.empty())
         throw UsageError("first argument must be hash algorithm");
@@ -202,10 +202,10 @@ static void opPrintFixedPath(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 
     for (auto i : opFlags)
         if (i == "--recursive") recursive = true;
-        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % i);
+        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % i);
 
     if (opArgs.size() != 3)
-        throw UsageError(format("'--print-fixed-path' requires three arguments"));
+        throw UsageError(format("‘--print-fixed-path’ requires three arguments"));
 
     Strings::iterator i = opArgs.begin();
     HashType hashAlgo = parseHashType(*i++);
@@ -307,9 +307,9 @@ static void opQuery(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
         else if (i == "--use-output" || i == "-u") useOutput = true;
         else if (i == "--force-realise" || i == "--force-realize" || i == "-f") forceRealise = true;
         else if (i == "--include-outputs") includeOutputs = true;
-        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % i);
+        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % i);
         if (prev != qDefault && prev != query)
-            throw UsageError(format("query type '%1%' conflicts with earlier flag") % i);
+            throw UsageError(format("query type ‘%1%’ conflicts with earlier flag") % i);
     }
 
     if (query == qDefault) query = qOutputs;
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ static void opQuery(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
                 Derivation drv = store->derivationFromPath(path);
                 StringPairs::iterator j = drv.env.find(bindingName);
                 if (j == drv.env.end())
-                    throw Error(format("derivation '%1%' has no environment binding named '%2%'")
+                    throw Error(format("derivation ‘%1%’ has no environment binding named ‘%2%’")
                         % path % bindingName);
                 cout << format("%1%\n") % j->second;
             }
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ static string shellEscape(const string & s)
 static void opPrintEnv(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 {
     if (!opFlags.empty()) throw UsageError("unknown flag");
-    if (opArgs.size() != 1) throw UsageError("'--print-env' requires one derivation store path");
+    if (opArgs.size() != 1) throw UsageError("‘--print-env’ requires one derivation store path");
 
     Path drvPath = opArgs.front();
     Derivation drv = store->derivationFromPath(drvPath);
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ static void opReadLog(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 
     // FIXME: move getting logs into Store.
     auto store2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LocalFSStore>(store);
-    if (!store2) throw Error(format("store '%s' does not support reading logs") % store->getUri());
+    if (!store2) throw Error(format("store ‘%s’ does not support reading logs") % store->getUri());
 
     for (auto & i : opArgs) {
         Path path = useDeriver(store->followLinksToStorePath(i));
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ static void opReadLog(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
             }
         }
 
-        if (!found) throw Error(format("build log of derivation '%1%' is not available") % path);
+        if (!found) throw Error(format("build log of derivation ‘%1%’ is not available") % path);
     }
 }
 
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ static void opRegisterValidity(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
     for (auto & i : opFlags)
         if (i == "--reregister") reregister = true;
         else if (i == "--hash-given") hashGiven = true;
-        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % i);
+        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % i);
 
     if (!opArgs.empty()) throw UsageError("no arguments expected");
 
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ static void opCheckValidity(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 
     for (auto & i : opFlags)
         if (i == "--print-invalid") printInvalid = true;
-        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % i);
+        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % i);
 
     for (auto & i : opArgs) {
         Path path = store->followLinksToStorePath(i);
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ static void opCheckValidity(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
             if (printInvalid)
                 cout << format("%1%\n") % path;
             else
-                throw Error(format("path '%1%' is not valid") % path);
+                throw Error(format("path ‘%1%’ is not valid") % path);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ static void opGC(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
             long long maxFreed = getIntArg<long long>(*i, i, opFlags.end(), true);
             options.maxFreed = maxFreed >= 0 ? maxFreed : 0;
         }
-        else throw UsageError(format("bad sub-operation '%1%' in GC") % *i);
+        else throw UsageError(format("bad sub-operation ‘%1%’ in GC") % *i);
 
     if (!opArgs.empty()) throw UsageError("no arguments expected");
 
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ static void opDelete(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 
     for (auto & i : opFlags)
         if (i == "--ignore-liveness") options.ignoreLiveness = true;
-        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % i);
+        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % i);
 
     for (auto & i : opArgs)
         options.pathsToDelete.insert(store->followLinksToStorePath(i));
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ static void opRestore(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 static void opExport(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 {
     for (auto & i : opFlags)
-        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % i);
+        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % i);
 
     FdSink sink(STDOUT_FILENO);
     store->exportPaths(opArgs, sink);
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ static void opExport(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 static void opImport(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 {
     for (auto & i : opFlags)
-        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % i);
+        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % i);
 
     if (!opArgs.empty()) throw UsageError("no arguments expected");
 
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ static void opVerify(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
     for (auto & i : opFlags)
         if (i == "--check-contents") checkContents = true;
         else if (i == "--repair") repair = true;
-        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % i);
+        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % i);
 
     if (store->verifyStore(checkContents, repair)) {
         printError("warning: not all errors were fixed");
@@ -770,14 +770,14 @@ static void opVerifyPath(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 
     for (auto & i : opArgs) {
         Path path = store->followLinksToStorePath(i);
-        printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("checking path '%1%'...") % path);
+        printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("checking path ‘%1%’...") % path);
         auto info = store->queryPathInfo(path);
         HashSink sink(info->narHash.type);
         store->narFromPath(path, sink);
         auto current = sink.finish();
         if (current.first != info->narHash) {
             printError(
-                format("path '%1%' was modified! expected hash '%2%', got '%3%'")
+                format("path ‘%1%’ was modified! expected hash ‘%2%’, got ‘%3%’")
                 % path % printHash(info->narHash) % printHash(current.first));
             status = 1;
         }
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ static void opServe(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
     bool writeAllowed = false;
     for (auto & i : opFlags)
         if (i == "--write") writeAllowed = true;
-        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % i);
+        else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % i);
 
     if (!opArgs.empty()) throw UsageError("no arguments expected");
 
@@ -979,7 +979,7 @@ static void opServe(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 static void opGenerateBinaryCacheKey(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 {
     for (auto & i : opFlags)
-        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag '%1%'") % i);
+        throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % i);
 
     if (opArgs.size() != 3) throw UsageError("three arguments expected");
     auto i = opArgs.begin();

src/nix/cat.cc

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ struct MixCat : virtual Args
     {
         auto st = accessor->stat(path);
         if (st.type == FSAccessor::Type::tMissing)
-            throw Error(format("path '%1%' does not exist") % path);
+            throw Error(format("path ‘%1%’ does not exist") % path);
         if (st.type != FSAccessor::Type::tRegular)
-            throw Error(format("path '%1%' is not a regular file") % path);
+            throw Error(format("path ‘%1%’ is not a regular file") % path);
 
         std::cout << accessor->readFile(path);
     }

src/nix/command.cc

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ MultiCommand::MultiCommand(const Commands & _commands)
         assert(!command);
         auto i = commands.find(ss.front());
         if (i == commands.end())
-            throw UsageError(format("'%1%' is not a recognised command") % ss.front());
+            throw UsageError(format("‘%1%’ is not a recognised command") % ss.front());
         command = i->second;
     }});
 }
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ void MultiCommand::printHelp(const string & programName, std::ostream & out)
     printTable(out, table);
 
     out << "\n";
-    out << "For full documentation, run 'man " << programName << "' or 'man " << programName << "-<COMMAND>'.\n";
+    out << "For full documentation, run ‘man " << programName << "’ or ‘man " << programName << "-<COMMAND>’.\n";
 }
 
 bool MultiCommand::processFlag(Strings::iterator & pos, Strings::iterator end)
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ void StorePathsCommand::run(ref<Store> store)
 {
     if (all) {
         if (storePaths.size())
-            throw UsageError("'--all' does not expect arguments");
+            throw UsageError("‘--all’ does not expect arguments");
         for (auto & p : store->queryAllValidPaths())
             storePaths.push_back(p);
     }

src/nix/command.hh

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ public:
 typedef std::map<std::string, ref<Command>> Commands;
 
 /* An argument parser that supports multiple subcommands,
-   i.e. '<command> <subcommand>'. */
+   i.e. ‘<command> <subcommand>’. */
 class MultiCommand : virtual Args
 {
 public:

src/nix/copy.cc

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ struct CmdCopy : StorePathsCommand
     void run(ref<Store> store, Paths storePaths) override
     {
         if (srcUri.empty() && dstUri.empty())
-            throw UsageError("you must pass '--from' and/or '--to'");
+            throw UsageError("you must pass ‘--from’ and/or ‘--to’");
 
         ref<Store> srcStore = srcUri.empty() ? store : openStore(srcUri);
         ref<Store> dstStore = dstUri.empty() ? store : openStore(dstUri);
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ struct CmdCopy : StorePathsCommand
                 checkInterrupt();
 
                 if (!dstStore->isValidPath(storePath)) {
-                    Activity act(*logger, lvlInfo, format("copying '%s'...") % storePath);
+                    Activity act(*logger, lvlInfo, format("copying ‘%s’...") % storePath);
 
                     copyStorePath(srcStore, dstStore, storePath);
 

src/nix/hash.cc

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ static int compatNixHash(int argc, char * * argv)
             string s = getArg(*arg, arg, end);
             ht = parseHashType(s);
             if (ht == htUnknown)
-                throw UsageError(format("unknown hash type '%1%'") % s);
+                throw UsageError(format("unknown hash type ‘%1%’") % s);
         }
         else if (*arg == "--to-base16") op = opTo16;
         else if (*arg == "--to-base32") op = opTo32;

src/nix/installables.cc

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ UserEnvElems MixInstallables::evalInstallables(ref<Store> store)
             }
 
             else
-                throw UsageError(format("don't know what to do with '%1%'") % installable);
+                throw UsageError(format("don't know what to do with ‘%1%’") % installable);
         }
 
         else {

src/nix/installables.hh

@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ struct MixInstallables : virtual Args
     UserEnvElems evalInstallables(ref<Store> store);
 
     /* Return a value representing the Nix expression from which we
-       are installing. This is either the file specified by '--file',
-       or an attribute set constructed from $NIX_PATH, e.g. '{ nixpkgs
-       = import ...; bla = import ...; }'. */
+       are installing. This is either the file specified by ‘--file’,
+       or an attribute set constructed from $NIX_PATH, e.g. ‘{ nixpkgs
+       = import ...; bla = import ...; }’. */
     Value * buildSourceExpr(EvalState & state);
 
 };

src/nix/ls.cc

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ struct MixLs : virtual Args
 
         auto st = accessor->stat(path);
         if (st.type == FSAccessor::Type::tMissing)
-            throw Error(format("path '%1%' does not exist") % path);
+            throw Error(format("path ‘%1%’ does not exist") % path);
         doPath(st, path,
             st.type == FSAccessor::Type::tDirectory ? "." : baseNameOf(path),
             showDirectory);

src/nix/run.cc

@@ -71,15 +71,15 @@ struct CmdRun : StoreCommand, MixInstallables
                 createDirs(tmpDir + store->storeDir);
 
                 if (mount(store2->realStoreDir.c_str(), (tmpDir + store->storeDir).c_str(), "", MS_BIND, 0) == -1)
-                    throw SysError(format("mounting '%s' on '%s'") % store2->realStoreDir % store->storeDir);
+                    throw SysError(format("mounting ‘%s’ on ‘%s’") % store2->realStoreDir % store->storeDir);
 
                 for (auto entry : readDirectory("/")) {
                     Path dst = tmpDir + "/" + entry.name;
                     if (pathExists(dst)) continue;
                     if (mkdir(dst.c_str(), 0700) == -1)
-                        throw SysError(format("creating directory '%s'") % dst);
+                        throw SysError(format("creating directory ‘%s’") % dst);
                     if (mount(("/" + entry.name).c_str(), dst.c_str(), "", MS_BIND | MS_REC, 0) == -1)
-                        throw SysError(format("mounting '%s' on '%s'") %  ("/" + entry.name) % dst);
+                        throw SysError(format("mounting ‘%s’ on ‘%s’") %  ("/" + entry.name) % dst);
                 }
 
                 char * cwd = getcwd(0, 0);
@@ -87,19 +87,19 @@ struct CmdRun : StoreCommand, MixInstallables
                 Finally freeCwd([&]() { free(cwd); });
 
                 if (chroot(tmpDir.c_str()) == -1)
-                    throw SysError(format("chrooting into '%s'") % tmpDir);
+                    throw SysError(format("chrooting into ‘%s’") % tmpDir);
 
                 if (chdir(cwd) == -1)
-                    throw SysError(format("chdir to '%s' in chroot") % cwd);
+                    throw SysError(format("chdir to ‘%s’ in chroot") % cwd);
             } else
                 if (mount(store2->realStoreDir.c_str(), store->storeDir.c_str(), "", MS_BIND, 0) == -1)
-                    throw SysError(format("mounting '%s' on '%s'") % store2->realStoreDir % store->storeDir);
+                    throw SysError(format("mounting ‘%s’ on ‘%s’") % store2->realStoreDir % store->storeDir);
 
             writeFile("/proc/self/setgroups", "deny");
             writeFile("/proc/self/uid_map", (format("%d %d %d") % uid % uid % 1).str());
             writeFile("/proc/self/gid_map", (format("%d %d %d") % gid % gid % 1).str());
 #else
-            throw Error(format("mounting the Nix store on '%s' is not supported on this platform") % store->storeDir);
+            throw Error(format("mounting the Nix store on ‘%s’ is not supported on this platform") % store->storeDir);
 #endif
         }
 
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ struct CmdRun : StoreCommand, MixInstallables
         setenv("PATH", concatStringsSep(":", unixPath).c_str(), 1);
 
         if (execlp("bash", "bash", nullptr) == -1)
-            throw SysError("unable to exec 'bash'");
+            throw SysError("unable to exec ‘bash’");
     }
 };
 

src/nix/sigs.cc

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ struct CmdCopySigs : StorePathsCommand
     void run(ref<Store> store, Paths storePaths) override
     {
         if (substituterUris.empty())
-            throw UsageError("you must specify at least one substituter using '-s'");
+            throw UsageError("you must specify at least one substituter using ‘-s’");
 
         // FIXME: factor out commonality with MixVerify.
         std::vector<ref<Store>> substituters;
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ struct CmdCopySigs : StorePathsCommand
         logger->setExpected(doneLabel, storePaths.size());
 
         auto doPath = [&](const Path & storePath) {
-            Activity act(*logger, lvlInfo, format("getting signatures for '%s'") % storePath);
+            Activity act(*logger, lvlInfo, format("getting signatures for ‘%s’") % storePath);
 
             checkInterrupt();
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ struct CmdSignPaths : StorePathsCommand
     void run(ref<Store> store, Paths storePaths) override
     {
         if (secretKeyFile.empty())
-            throw UsageError("you must specify a secret key file using '-k'");
+            throw UsageError("you must specify a secret key file using ‘-k’");
 
         SecretKey secretKey(readFile(secretKeyFile));
 

src/nix/verify.cc

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ struct CmdVerify : StorePathsCommand
             try {
                 checkInterrupt();
 
-                Activity act(*logger, lvlInfo, format("checking '%s'") % storePath);
+                Activity act(*logger, lvlInfo, format("checking ‘%s’") % storePath);
 
                 auto info = store->queryPathInfo(storePath);
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ struct CmdVerify : StorePathsCommand
                         logger->incProgress(corruptedLabel);
                         corrupted = 1;
                         printError(
-                            format("path '%s' was modified! expected hash '%s', got '%s'")
+                            format("path ‘%s’ was modified! expected hash ‘%s’, got ‘%s’")
                             % info->path % printHash(info->narHash) % printHash(hash.first));
                     }
 
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ struct CmdVerify : StorePathsCommand
                     if (!good) {
                         logger->incProgress(untrustedLabel);
                         untrusted++;
-                        printError(format("path '%s' is untrusted") % info->path);
+                        printError(format("path ‘%s’ is untrusted") % info->path);
                     }
 
                 }

src/resolve-system-dependencies/resolve-system-dependencies.cc

@@ -62,13 +62,13 @@ std::set<std::string> runResolver(const Path & filename) {
             }
         }
         if (mach64_offset == 0) {
-            printError(format("Could not find any mach64 blobs in file '%1%', continuing...") % filename);
+            printError(format("Could not find any mach64 blobs in file ‘%1%’, continuing...") % filename);
             return std::set<string>();
         }
     } else if (magic == MH_MAGIC_64 || magic == MH_CIGAM_64) {
         mach64_offset = 0;
     } else {
-        printError(format("Object file has unknown magic number '%1%', skipping it...") % magic);
+        printError(format("Object file has unknown magic number ‘%1%’, skipping it...") % magic);
         return std::set<string>();
     }
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ std::set<std::string> runResolver(const Path & filename) {
 bool isSymlink(const Path & path) {
     struct stat st;
     if(lstat(path.c_str(), &st))
-        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path '%1%'") % path);
+        throw SysError(format("getting attributes of path ‘%1%’") % path);
 
     return S_ISLNK(st.st_mode);
 }

tests/common.sh.in

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ clearCacheCache() {
 
 startDaemon() {
     # Start the daemon, wait for the socket to appear.  !!!
-    # 'nix-daemon' should have an option to fork into the background.
+    # ‘nix-daemon’ should have an option to fork into the background.
     rm -f $NIX_STATE_DIR/daemon-socket/socket
     nix-daemon &
     for ((i = 0; i < 30; i++)); do

tests/lang/imported.nix

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-# The function 'range' comes from lib.nix and was added to the lexical
+# The function ‘range’ comes from lib.nix and was added to the lexical
 # scope by scopedImport.
 range 1 5 ++ import ./imported2.nix

tests/multiple-outputs.sh

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ source common.sh
 clearStore
 
 # Test whether read-only evaluation works when referring to the
-# 'drvPath' attribute.
+# ‘drvPath’ attribute.
 echo "evaluating c..."
 #drvPath=$(nix-instantiate multiple-outputs.nix -A c --readonly-mode)
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ drvPath=$(nix-instantiate multiple-outputs.nix -A c)
 grep -q 'multiple-outputs-a.drv",\["first","second"\]' $drvPath
 grep -q 'multiple-outputs-b.drv",\["out"\]' $drvPath
 
-# While we're at it, test the 'unsafeDiscardOutputDependency' primop.
+# While we're at it, test the ‘unsafeDiscardOutputDependency’ primop.
 outPath=$(nix-build multiple-outputs.nix -A d --no-out-link)
 drvPath=$(cat $outPath/drv)
 outPath=$(nix-store -q $drvPath)

tests/nix-copy-closure.nix

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Test 'nix-copy-closure'.
+# Test ‘nix-copy-closure’.
 
 { system, nix }:
 

tests/timeout.builder.sh

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-echo "'timeout' builder entering an infinite loop"
+echo "‘timeout’ builder entering an infinite loop"
 while true ; do echo -n .; done

tests/timeout.sh

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ source common.sh
 failed=0
 messages="`nix-build -Q timeout.nix --timeout 2 2>&1 || failed=1`"
 if [ $failed -ne 0 ]; then
-    echo "error: 'nix-store' succeeded; should have timed out"
+    echo "error: ‘nix-store’ succeeded; should have timed out"
     exit 1
 fi
 

tests/user-envs.sh

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ nix-env -q '*' | grep -q bar-0.1.1
 
 # Test priorities: foo-0.1 has a lower priority than foo-1.0, so it
 # should be possible to install both without a collision.  Also test
-# '--set-flag priority' to manually override the declared priorities.
+# ‘--set-flag priority’ to manually override the declared priorities.
 nix-env -e '*'
 nix-env -i foo-0.1 foo-1.0
 [ "$($profiles/test/bin/foo)" = "foo-1.0" ]