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README: document features more thoroughly
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README.md
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README.md
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This is an upstream-tracking fork of Nix that includes various patches, some controversial in nature and not fit for Nix upstream.
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Some of the patches included are:
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- nix-flake-default from [nix-dram](https://github.com/dramforever/nix-dram)
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- experimental features enabled by default:
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- `Xp::Flakes`
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- `Xp::NixCommand`
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- `Xp::ReplFlake`
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- Full thunk evaluation in flake inputs
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- Some UI improvements, particularly around `nix profile`
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- New subcommands
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- [nix system](https://cache.privatevoid.net/nix/store/6wq71q0lwgkr4l900flf26cn0lk79miw-nix-super-2.16.0pre20230504_3822d33-doc/share/doc/nix/manual/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-system.html) for managing NixOS, as a replacement for `nixos-rebuild`
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- [nix home](https://cache.privatevoid.net/nix/store/6wq71q0lwgkr4l900flf26cn0lk79miw-nix-super-2.16.0pre20230504_3822d33-doc/share/doc/nix/manual/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-home.html) for managing home-manager configurations, as a replacement for the `home-manager` CLI tool
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- [The `$` operator](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/5577)
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## Features
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### `nix-flake-default.patch` from [nix-dram](https://github.com/dramforever/nix-dram)
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This uses an older version of the patch, when the name of the default installable was not yet configurable.
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If you have an entry called `default` in your Nix registry, you can do things like:
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```shell-session
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$ nix shell jq gron kubectl
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# equivalent to nix shell default#jq default#gron default#kubectl
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```
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[More information](https://github.com/dramforever/nix-dram#changes-to-installable)
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### Experimental features enabled by default
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The experimental features are enabled by default:
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- `flakes` (`Xp::Flakes`)
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- `nix-command` (`Xp::NixCommand`)
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- `repl-flake` (`Xp::ReplFlake`)
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### Full thunk evaluation in `flake.nix`
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In stock Nix, only the outputs section of `flake.nix` is able to make full use of the Nix language.
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The inputs section as well as the top-level attribute set are required to be *trivial*.
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This is for good reason, as it prevents arbitrarily complex computations during operations where you would not expect this,
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such as `nix flake metadata`.
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Nonetheless, people were often annoyed by this limitation. Nix Super includes patches to disable the triviality checks,
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to encourage experimentation with fancy new ways of handling flake inputs.
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### UI improvements around `nix profile`
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`nix profile list` looks like this for profile entries coming from a flake:
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```
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005:
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Installable: github:EmaApps/emanote#packages.x86_64-linux.default
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Store paths: /nix/store/hdkbmj480nn2c5v9whzm2p1ip2cwqlpx-emanote-0.7.9.0
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006:
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Installable: flake:default#legacyPackages.x86_64-linux.just
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Store paths: /nix/store/8x9yfyhs9innj3y3g6q953fqbjfiqnp4-just-1.13.0
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```
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Non-flake entries still look like normal to preserve compatibility with home-manager.
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### Activatables
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Nix Super introduces the concept of *activatables*; applications that are installed solely in their own profile
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and rely on an activation script to perform actions outside of the Nix store.
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Two new subcommands are implemented to make use of activatables:
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- [nix system](https://cache.privatevoid.net/nix/store/6wq71q0lwgkr4l900flf26cn0lk79miw-nix-super-2.16.0pre20230504_3822d33-doc/share/doc/nix/manual/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-system.html) for managing NixOS, as a replacement for `nixos-rebuild`
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- [nix home](https://cache.privatevoid.net/nix/store/6wq71q0lwgkr4l900flf26cn0lk79miw-nix-super-2.16.0pre20230504_3822d33-doc/share/doc/nix/manual/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-home.html) for managing home-manager configurations, as a replacement for the `home-manager` CLI tool
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### [The `$` operator](https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/5577)
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The `$` operator or function application operator can be used to reduce parentheses hell in some situations,
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though its semantics are slightly different from the Haskell variant, making this one less useful.
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```nix
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builtins.trace "asdf" $ map toString [ 1 2 3 ]
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```
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### Easy use of `callPackage` from the CLI
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The flag `-C`/`--call-package` allows you to directly build *callPackageable expressions* from the CLI.
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```shell-session
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$ cat hello.nix
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{
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stdenv,
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hello
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}:
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stdenv.mkDerivation {
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name = "hello";
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nativeBuildInputs = [ hello ];
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buildCommand = "hello > $out";
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}
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$ nix build -C hello.nix
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$ cat result
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Hello, world!
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```
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### CLI overrides
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Various CLI flags have been added to allow on-the-fly overriding of installables.
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#### Override expression arguments
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Allows overriding any argument usually overridable via `.override`. Can be used multiple times.
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```shell-session
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$ nix build ffmpeg --override withMfx true
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```
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#### Override packages
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Like `--override`, but for overriding packages. This can be any installable from any flake. Can be used multiple times.
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```shell-session
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$ nix build nil --override-pkg nix github:privatevoid-net/nix-super
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```
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#### Override attributes
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The previous attributes are available in `old`, but are also in scope via `with`.
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```shell-session
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$ nix build hello --override-attrs '{ name = "my-${name}"; src = ./.; }' --impure
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```
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#### Use `withPackages`
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The packages are available in `ps`, but are also in scope via `with`.
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```shell-session
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$ nix shell python3 --with '[ numpy pandas matplotlib ]'
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```
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#### Do anything
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`--apply-to-installabe` gives you direct access to the installable in a function
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```shell-session
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$ nix build writeText --apply-to-installable 'writeText: writeText "test" "hello"'
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```
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### Additional environment variables for `nix shell`
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`nix shell` will prepend the `/bin` directory of a given package to `PATH`, but what about other environment variables?
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Nix Super configures many other environment variables, including:
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- `CUPS_DATADIR`
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- `DICPATH`
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- `GIO_EXTRA_MODULES`
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- `GI_TYPELIB_PATH`
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- `GST_PLUGIN_PATH_1_0`
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- `GTK_PATH`
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- `INFOPATH`
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- `LADSPA_PATH`
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- `LIBEXEC_PATH`
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- `LV2_PATH`
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- `MOZ_PLUGIN_PATH`
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- `QTWEBKIT_PLUGIN_PATH`
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- `TERMINFO_DIRS`
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- `XDG_CONFIG_DIRS`
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- `XDG_DATA_DIRS`
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It also sets `IN_NIX3_SHELL=1` to allow external processes to detect when you're in a Nix shell,
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for scripting or shell prompt customization.
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### Support for the `git+ipld` fetcher scheme
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Adds `git+ipld` to the list of supported URL schemes for the `git` fetcher. Allows you to use Nix with [git-remote-ipld](https://github.com/ipfs-shipyard/git-remote-ipld).
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NOTE: This does not mean that Nix Super itself has any IPFS capabilities (yet).
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