Merge pull request #9372 from edolstra/release-notes

2.19 release notes
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- [C++ style guide](contributing/cxx.md)
- [Release Notes](release-notes/release-notes.md)
- [Release X.Y (202?-??-??)](release-notes/rl-next.md)
- [Release 2.19 (2023-11-17)](release-notes/rl-2.19.md)
- [Release 2.18 (2023-09-20)](release-notes/rl-2.18.md)
- [Release 2.17 (2023-07-24)](release-notes/rl-2.17.md)
- [Release 2.16 (2023-05-31)](release-notes/rl-2.16.md)

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# Release 2.19 (2023-11-17)
- The experimental `nix` command can now act as a [shebang interpreter](@docroot@/command-ref/new-cli/nix.md#shebang-interpreter)
by appending the contents of any `#! nix` lines and the script's location into a single call.
- [URL flake references](@docroot@/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-flake.md#flake-references) now support [percent-encoded](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-2.1) characters.
- [Path-like flake references](@docroot@/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-flake.md#path-like-syntax) now accept arbitrary unicode characters (except `#` and `?`).
- The experimental feature `repl-flake` is no longer needed, as its functionality is now part of the `flakes` experimental feature. To get the previous behavior, use the `--file/--expr` flags accordingly.
- There is a new flake installable syntax `flakeref#.attrPath` where the "." prefix specifies that `attrPath` is interpreted from the root of the flake outputs, with no searching of default attribute prefixes like `packages.<SYSTEM>` or `legacyPackages.<SYSTEM>`.
- Nix adds `apple-virt` to the default system features on macOS systems that support virtualization. This is similar to what's done for the `kvm` system feature on Linux hosts.
- Add a new built-in function [`builtins.convertHash`](@docroot@/language/builtins.md#builtins-convertHash).
- `nix-shell` shebang lines now support single-quoted arguments.
- `builtins.fetchTree` is now its own experimental feature, [`fetch-tree`](@docroot@/contributing/experimental-features.md#xp-fetch-tree).
As described in the documentation for that feature, this is because we anticipate polishing it and then stabilizing it before the rest of flakes.
- The interface for creating and updating lock files has been overhauled:
- [`nix flake lock`](@docroot@/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-flake-lock.md) only creates lock files and adds missing inputs now.
It will *never* update existing inputs.
- [`nix flake update`](@docroot@/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-flake-update.md) does the same, but *will* update inputs.
- Passing no arguments will update all inputs of the current flake, just like it already did.
- Passing input names as arguments will ensure only those are updated. This replaces the functionality of `nix flake lock --update-input`
- To operate on a flake outside the current directory, you must now pass `--flake path/to/flake`.
- The flake-specific flags `--recreate-lock-file` and `--update-input` have been removed from all commands operating on installables.
They are superceded by `nix flake update`.
- Commit signature verification for the [`builtins.fetchGit`](@docroot@/language/builtins.md#builtins-fetchGit) is added as the new [`verified-fetches` experimental feature](@docroot@/contributing/experimental-features.md#xp-feature-verified-fetches).
- [`nix path-info --json`](@docroot@/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-path-info.md)
(experimental) now returns a JSON map rather than JSON list.
The `path` field of each object has instead become the key in the outer map, since it is unique.
The `valid` field also goes away because we just use `null` instead.
- Old way:
```json5
[
{
"path": "/nix/store/8fv91097mbh5049i9rglc73dx6kjg3qk-bash-5.2-p15",
"valid": true,
// ...
},
{
"path": "/nix/store/wffw7l0alvs3iw94cbgi1gmmbmw99sqb-home-manager-path",
"valid": false
}
]
```
- New way
```json5
{
"/nix/store/8fv91097mbh5049i9rglc73dx6kjg3qk-bash-5.2-p15": {
// ...
},
"/nix/store/wffw7l0alvs3iw94cbgi1gmmbmw99sqb-home-manager-path": null,
}
```
This makes it match `nix derivation show`, which also maps store paths to information.
- When Nix is installed using the [binary installer](@docroot@/installation/installing-binary.md), in supported shells (Bash, Zsh, Fish)
[`XDG_DATA_DIRS`](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html#variables) is now populated with the path to the `/share` subdirectory of the current profile.
This means that command completion scripts, `.desktop` files, and similar artifacts installed via [`nix-env`](@docroot@/command-ref/nix-env.md) or [`nix profile`](@docroot@/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-profile.md)
(experimental) can be found by any program that follows the [XDG Base Directory Specification](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html).
- A new command `nix store add` has been added. It replaces `nix store add-file` and `nix store add-path` which are now deprecated.

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# Release X.Y (202?-??-??)
- The experimental nix command can now act as a [shebang interpreter](@docroot@/command-ref/new-cli/nix.md#shebang-interpreter)
by appending the contents of any `#! nix` lines and the script's location to a single call.
- [URL flake references](@docroot@/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-flake.md#flake-references) now support [percent-encoded](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-2.1) characters.
- [Path-like flake references](@docroot@/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-flake.md#path-like-syntax) now accept arbitrary unicode characters (except `#` and `?`).
- The experimental feature `repl-flake` is no longer needed, as its functionality is now part of the `flakes` experimental feature. To get the previous behavior, use the `--file/--expr` flags accordingly.
- Introduce new flake installable syntax `flakeref#.attrPath` where the "." prefix denotes no searching of default attribute prefixes like `packages.<SYSTEM>` or `legacyPackages.<SYSTEM>`.
- Nix adds `apple-virt` to the default system features on macOS systems that support virtualization. This is similar to what's done for the `kvm` system feature on Linux hosts.
- Introduce a new built-in function [`builtins.convertHash`](@docroot@/language/builtins.md#builtins-convertHash).
- `nix-shell` shebang lines now support single-quoted arguments.
- `builtins.fetchTree` is now its own experimental feature, [`fetch-tree`](@docroot@/contributing/experimental-features.md#xp-fetch-tree).
As described in the document for that feature, this is because we anticipate polishing it and then stabilizing it before the rest of Flakes.
- The interface for creating and updating lock files has been overhauled:
- [`nix flake lock`](@docroot@/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-flake-lock.md) only creates lock files and adds missing inputs now.
It will *never* update existing inputs.
- [`nix flake update`](@docroot@/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-flake-update.md) does the same, but *will* update inputs.
- Passing no arguments will update all inputs of the current flake, just like it already did.
- Passing input names as arguments will ensure only those are updated. This replaces the functionality of `nix flake lock --update-input`
- To operate on a flake outside the current directory, you must now pass `--flake path/to/flake`.
- The flake-specific flags `--recreate-lock-file` and `--update-input` have been removed from all commands operating on installables.
They are superceded by `nix flake update`.
- Commit signature verification for the [`builtins.fetchGit`](@docroot@/language/builtins.md#builtins-fetchGit) is added as the new [`verified-fetches` experimental feature](@docroot@/contributing/experimental-features.md#xp-feature-verified-fetches).
- [`nix path-info --json`](@docroot@/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-path-info.md)
(experimental) now returns a JSON map rather than JSON list.
The `path` field of each object has instead become the key in th outer map, since it is unique.
The `valid` field also goes away because we just use null instead.
- Old way:
```json5
[
{
"path": "/nix/store/8fv91097mbh5049i9rglc73dx6kjg3qk-bash-5.2-p15",
"valid": true,
// ...
},
{
"path": "/nix/store/wffw7l0alvs3iw94cbgi1gmmbmw99sqb-home-manager-path",
"valid": false
}
]
```
- New way
```json5
{
"/nix/store/8fv91097mbh5049i9rglc73dx6kjg3qk-bash-5.2-p15": {
// ...
},
"/nix/store/wffw7l0alvs3iw94cbgi1gmmbmw99sqb-home-manager-path": null,
}
```
This makes it match `nix derivation show`, which also maps store paths to information.
- When Nix is installed using the [binary installer](@docroot@/installation/installing-binary.md), in supported shells (Bash, Zsh, Fish)
[`XDG_DATA_DIRS`](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html#variables) is now populated with the path to the `/share` subdirectory of the current profile.
This means that command completion scripts, `.desktop` files, and similar artifacts installed via [`nix-env`](@docroot@/command-ref/nix-env.md) or [`nix profile`](@docroot@/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-profile.md)
(experimental) can be found by any program that follows the [XDG Base Directory Specification](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html).
- A new command `nix store add` has been added. It replaces `nix store add-file` and `nix store add-path` which are now deprecated.