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deduplicate installation instructions (#9507)

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* deduplicate installation instructions

- reorder sections to present pinned installation more prominently
- remove outdated notes on the macOS installer rework
- update instructions to handle the installer tarball

Co-authored-by: Travis A. Everett <travis.a.everett@gmail.com>
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Valentin Gagarin 2024-01-06 22:45:25 +01:00 committed by GitHub
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162
doc/manual/src/installation/installing-binary.md
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@ -1,26 +1,60 @@
# Installing a Binary Distribution # Installing a Binary Distribution
The easiest way to install Nix is to run the following command: To install the latest version Nix, run the following command:
```console ```console
$ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh $ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh
``` ```
This will run the installer interactively (causing it to explain what This performs the default type of installation for your platform:
it is doing more explicitly), and perform the default "type" of install
for your platform:
- single-user on Linux
- multi-user on macOS
> **Notes on read-only filesystem root in macOS 10.15 Catalina +** - [Multi-user](#multi-user-installation):
> - Linux with systemd and without SELinux
> - It took some time to support this cleanly. You may see posts, - macOS
> examples, and tutorials using obsolete workarounds. - [Single-user](#single-user-installation):
> - Supporting it cleanly made macOS installs too complex to qualify - Linux without systemd
> as single-user, so this type is no longer supported on macOS. - Linux with SELinux
We recommend the multi-user install if it supports your platform and We recommend the multi-user installation if it supports your platform and you can authenticate with `sudo`.
you can authenticate with `sudo`.
The installer can configured with various command line arguments and environment variables.
To show available command line flags:
```console
$ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh -s -- --help
```
To check what it does and how it can be customised further, [download and edit the second-stage installation script](#installing-from-a-binary-tarball).
# Installing a pinned Nix version from a URL
Version-specific installation URLs for all Nix versions since 1.11.16 can be found at [releases.nixos.org](https://releases.nixos.org/?prefix=nix/).
The directory for each version contains the corresponding SHA-256 hash.
All installation scripts are invoked the same way:
```console
$ export VERSION=2.19.2
$ curl -L https://releases.nixos.org/nix/nix-$VERSION/install | sh
```
# Multi User Installation
The multi-user Nix installation creates system users and a system service for the Nix daemon.
Supported systems:
- Linux running systemd, with SELinux disabled
- macOS
To explicitly instruct the installer to perform a multi-user installation on your system:
```console
$ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh -s -- --daemon
```
You can run this under your usual user account or `root`.
The script will invoke `sudo` as needed.
# Single User Installation # Single User Installation
@ -30,60 +64,48 @@ To explicitly select a single-user installation on your system:
$ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh -s -- --no-daemon $ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh -s -- --no-daemon
``` ```
This will perform a single-user installation of Nix, meaning that `/nix` In a single-user installation, `/nix` is owned by the invoking user.
is owned by the invoking user. You can run this under your usual user The script will invoke `sudo` to create `/nix` if it doesn’t already exist.
account or root. The script will invoke `sudo` to create `/nix` If you don’t have `sudo`, manually create `/nix` as `root`:
if it doesn’t already exist. If you don’t have `sudo`, you should
manually create `/nix` first as root, e.g.:
```console ```console
$ mkdir /nix $ su root
$ chown alice /nix # mkdir /nix
# chown alice /nix
``` ```
The install script will modify the first writable file from amongst # Installing from a binary tarball
`.bash_profile`, `.bash_login` and `.profile` to source
`~/.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/nix.sh`. You can set the
`NIX_INSTALLER_NO_MODIFY_PROFILE` environment variable before executing
the install script to disable this behaviour.
# Multi User Installation You can also download a binary tarball that contains Nix and all its dependencies:
- Choose a [version](https://releases.nixos.org/?prefix=nix/) and [system type](../contributing/hacking.md#platforms)
- Download and unpack the tarball
- Run the installer
The multi-user Nix installation creates system users, and a system > **Example**
service for the Nix daemon.
**Supported Systems**
- Linux running systemd, with SELinux disabled
- macOS
You can instruct the installer to perform a multi-user installation on
your system:
```console
$ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh -s -- --daemon
```
The multi-user installation of Nix will create build users between the
user IDs 30001 and 30032, and a group with the group ID 30000. You
can run this under your usual user account or root. The script
will invoke `sudo` as needed.
> **Note**
> >
> If you need Nix to use a different group ID or user ID set, you will > ```console
> have to download the tarball manually and [edit the install > $ pushd $(mktemp -d)
> script](#installing-from-a-binary-tarball). > $ export VERSION=2.19.2
> $ export SYSTEM=x86_64-linux
> $ curl -LO https://releases.nixos.org/nix/nix-$VERSION/nix-$VERSION-$SYSTEM.tar.xz
> $ tar xfj nix-$VERSION-$SYSTEM.tar.xz
> $ cd nix-$VERSION-$SYSTEM
> $ ./install
> $ popd
> ```
The installer will modify `/etc/bashrc`, and `/etc/zshrc` if they exist. The installer can be customised with the environment variables declared in the file named `install-multi-user`.
The installer will first back up these files with a `.backup-before-nix`
extension. The installer will also create `/etc/profile.d/nix.sh`. ## Native packages for Linux distributions
The Nix community maintains installers for some Linux distributions in their native packaging format(https://nix-community.github.io/nix-installers/).
# macOS Installation # macOS Installation
<!-- anchors to catch existing links -->
[]{#sect-macos-installation-change-store-prefix}[]{#sect-macos-installation-encrypted-volume}[]{#sect-macos-installation-symlink}[]{#sect-macos-installation-recommended-notes} []{#sect-macos-installation-change-store-prefix}[]{#sect-macos-installation-encrypted-volume}[]{#sect-macos-installation-symlink}[]{#sect-macos-installation-recommended-notes}
<!-- Note: anchors above to catch permalinks to old explanations -->
We believe we have ironed out how to cleanly support the read-only root We believe we have ironed out how to cleanly support the read-only root file system
on modern macOS. New installs will do this automatically. on modern macOS. New installs will do this automatically.
This section previously detailed the situation, options, and trade-offs, This section previously detailed the situation, options, and trade-offs,
@ -126,33 +148,3 @@ this to run the installer, but it may help if you run into trouble:
boot process to avoid problems loading or restoring any programs that boot process to avoid problems loading or restoring any programs that
need access to your Nix store need access to your Nix store
# Installing a pinned Nix version from a URL
Version-specific installation URLs for all Nix versions
since 1.11.16 can be found at [releases.nixos.org](https://releases.nixos.org/?prefix=nix/).
The corresponding SHA-256 hash can be found in the directory for the given version.
These install scripts can be used the same as usual:
```console
$ curl -L https://releases.nixos.org/nix/nix-<version>/install | sh
```
# Installing from a binary tarball
You can also download a binary tarball that contains Nix and all its
dependencies. (This is what the install script at
<https://nixos.org/nix/install> does automatically.) You should unpack
it somewhere (e.g. in `/tmp`), and then run the script named `install`
inside the binary tarball:
```console
$ cd /tmp
$ tar xfj nix-1.8-x86_64-darwin.tar.bz2
$ cd nix-1.8-x86_64-darwin
$ ./install
```
If you need to edit the multi-user installation script to use different
group ID or a different user ID range, modify the variables set in the
file named `install-multi-user`.

1
doc/manual/src/quick-start.md
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@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ For more in-depth information you are kindly referred to subsequent chapters.
``` ```
The install script will use `sudo`, so make sure you have sufficient rights. The install script will use `sudo`, so make sure you have sufficient rights.
On Linux, `--daemon` can be omitted for a single-user install.
For other installation methods, see the detailed [installation instructions](installation/index.md). For other installation methods, see the detailed [installation instructions](installation/index.md).