diff --git a/src/libmain/shared.cc b/src/libmain/shared.cc
index a43a00f16..d6fb58e4a 100644
--- a/src/libmain/shared.cc
+++ b/src/libmain/shared.cc
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ static void sigHandler(int signo) { }
 #endif
 
 
-void initNix()
+void initNix(bool loadConfig)
 {
     /* Turn on buffering for cerr. */
 #if HAVE_PUBSETBUF
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ void initNix()
     std::cerr.rdbuf()->pubsetbuf(buf, sizeof(buf));
 #endif
 
-    initLibStore();
+    initLibStore(loadConfig);
 
 #ifndef _WIN32
     unix::startSignalHandlerThread();
diff --git a/src/libmain/shared.hh b/src/libmain/shared.hh
index 3c657d2b7..aa44e1321 100644
--- a/src/libmain/shared.hh
+++ b/src/libmain/shared.hh
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ int handleExceptions(const std::string & programName, std::function<void()> fun)
 
 /**
  * Don't forget to call initPlugins() after settings are initialized!
+ * @param loadConfig Whether to load configuration from `nix.conf`, `NIX_CONFIG`, etc. May be disabled for unit tests.
  */
-void initNix();
+void initNix(bool loadConfig = true);
 
 void parseCmdLine(int argc, char * * argv,
     std::function<bool(Strings::iterator & arg, const Strings::iterator & end)> parseArg);
diff --git a/src/libstore-c/nix_api_store.cc b/src/libstore-c/nix_api_store.cc
index 6ce4d01bb..4fe25c7d4 100644
--- a/src/libstore-c/nix_api_store.cc
+++ b/src/libstore-c/nix_api_store.cc
@@ -19,6 +19,16 @@ nix_err nix_libstore_init(nix_c_context * context)
     NIXC_CATCH_ERRS
 }
 
+nix_err nix_libstore_init_no_load_config(nix_c_context * context)
+{
+    if (context)
+        context->last_err_code = NIX_OK;
+    try {
+        nix::initLibStore(false);
+    }
+    NIXC_CATCH_ERRS
+}
+
 nix_err nix_init_plugins(nix_c_context * context)
 {
     if (context)
diff --git a/src/libstore-c/nix_api_store.h b/src/libstore-c/nix_api_store.h
index c83aca3f7..209f91f0d 100644
--- a/src/libstore-c/nix_api_store.h
+++ b/src/libstore-c/nix_api_store.h
@@ -35,6 +35,13 @@ typedef struct StorePath StorePath;
  */
 nix_err nix_libstore_init(nix_c_context * context);
 
+/**
+ * @brief Like nix_libstore_init, but does not load the Nix configuration.
+ *
+ * This is useful when external configuration is not desired, such as when running unit tests.
+ */
+nix_err nix_libstore_init_no_load_config(nix_c_context * context);
+
 /**
  * @brief Loads the plugins specified in Nix's plugin-files setting.
  *
diff --git a/src/libstore/globals.cc b/src/libstore/globals.cc
index 83e54e008..dfe3044ea 100644
--- a/src/libstore/globals.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/globals.cc
@@ -427,12 +427,13 @@ void assertLibStoreInitialized() {
     };
 }
 
-void initLibStore() {
+void initLibStore(bool loadConfig) {
     if (initLibStoreDone) return;
 
     initLibUtil();
 
-    loadConfFile();
+    if (loadConfig)
+        loadConfFile();
 
     preloadNSS();
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/globals.hh b/src/libstore/globals.hh
index 852dba764..933fc2e5a 100644
--- a/src/libstore/globals.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/globals.hh
@@ -1279,9 +1279,10 @@ std::vector<Path> getUserConfigFiles();
 extern const std::string nixVersion;
 
 /**
- * NB: This is not sufficient. You need to call initNix()
+ * @param loadConfig Whether to load configuration from `nix.conf`, `NIX_CONFIG`, etc. May be disabled for unit tests.
+ * @note When using libexpr, and/or libmain, This is not sufficient. See initNix().
  */
-void initLibStore();
+void initLibStore(bool loadConfig = true);
 
 /**
  * It's important to initialize before doing _anything_, which is why we
diff --git a/tests/unit/libstore-support/tests/libstore.hh b/tests/unit/libstore-support/tests/libstore.hh
index 78b162b95..267188224 100644
--- a/tests/unit/libstore-support/tests/libstore.hh
+++ b/tests/unit/libstore-support/tests/libstore.hh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace nix {
 class LibStoreTest : public virtual ::testing::Test {
     public:
         static void SetUpTestSuite() {
-            initLibStore();
+            initLibStore(false);
         }
 
     protected: